海洋命运共同体视域下国际海洋资源战略价值评估理论与方法

随着海洋资源经济潜力及战略价值的不断提升,国际海域尤其是公海保护区的资源开发利用保护逐渐成为海洋国家关注的焦点。从地缘经济视角和海洋命运共同体的内涵出发,分析了国际海洋资源开发利用的基本原则。在对国际海域经济活动分类的基础上,提出国际海洋资源战略价值评估的理论框架和技术方法。首先,依据国际海洋资源的分布特征及其空间形态,将国际海域经济活动划分为点状、线状和面状三类。各类经济活动的开展除受海洋生态环境、海域自然条件和国际规则、国家战略与地缘关系等因素外,还受到具体的技术瓶颈、装备保障和交通成本等多方面的制约。其次,从商品的价值属性出发,提出国际海洋资源战略价值所具有的三个属性,即自然属性、社会属性和地缘属性,进而从自然价值、需求程度和可获得性三方面构建了国际海洋资源战略价值评估的三维空间概念模型,并运用海域承载力确定资源开发利用保护的边界与阈值。再次,以油气开采、海上航行及渔业捕捞为典型代表,构建了三位一体的指标体系,集成生产函数、需求函数等计量模型,初步建立了一套较为完整的国际海洋资源战略价值评估技术方法。最后,结合参与全球海洋治理的战略需求,提出我国加快国际海洋资源开发利用保护的应对策略。

The theory and method of strategic value evaluation of international marine resources in the perspective of the maritime community of shared future

With the increasing economic potential and strategic value of marine resources, the exploitation, utilization and protection of international marine resources, especially high seas reserves, have gradually become the focus of marine countries. From the perspective of geo-economy and the connotation of marine community with a shared future, this paper analyzes the basic principles of international marine resources exploitation and utilization. Based on the classification of international marine economic activities, the theoretical framework and technical methods of international marine resources strategic value evaluation are put forward. Firstly, according to the distribution characteristics of international marine resources and the spatial pattern of economic activities, the international maritime economic activities are divided into three types: Punctiform economy, linear economy and planar economy. In addition to the factors such as marine ecological environment, marine natural conditions and international rules, national strategies and geographical relations, the development of various economic activities is also restricted by specific technical bottlenecks, equipment support and transportation costs. Secondly, based on the value attribute of commodities, three properties of the strategic value of international marine resources are proposed, namely natural attribute, social attribute and geographical attribute. Then, a three-dimensional spatial conceptual model of the strategic value evaluation of international marine resources is constructed from three aspects: Natural value, demand degree and availability. The boundary and threshold of exploitation, utilization and protection of international marine resources are determined by using marine carrying capacity. Thirdly, with oil and gas exploitation, maritime navigation and fishing as the typical representatives, the paper builds a trinity index system, integrates production function, demand function and other measurement models, and preliminarily establishes a relatively complete set of international marine resources strategic value evaluation technology method. Finally, according to the strategic needs of China's participation in global ocean governance, the countermeasures of speeding up the exploitation, utilization and protection of international marine resources are put forward.