生态空间定量识别及时空演变特征分析——以呼伦贝尔市为例

生态空间作为国土空间的重要组成部分,是人类生产和生活的基础。以内蒙古呼伦贝尔市为例,系统构建了综合生态空间重要性指数评价指标体系,进行生态空间的定量识别研究。并在此基础之上,对生态空间的动态演变特征进行分析,找寻研究区生态空间的时空分异规律。研究表明：（1）研究区生态空间重要性指数整体偏高,研究期间核心型和重要型生态空间占总面积的比例始终处于50%水平之上,且呈现逐渐上升的趋势。（2）研究区生态空间的综合活跃程度经历了一个逐渐变大的过程,其中2015—2018年生态空间的综合活跃程度尤为强烈。（3）核心型、重要型和非关键型生态空间的稳定性较好,并且各类生态空间都主要向着重要性指数较高的生态空间类型进行转换。（4）生态空间重要性变化具有明显的空间异质性,研究期间重要性持续处于较高水平的生态空间主要分布在中部大兴安岭林区和核心水体区,而重要性持续处于较低水平的生态空间主要分布在西部牧区和东部农区。

Quantitative identification and analysis of spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of ecological space:A case study of Hulun Buir city

As an important part of national land space, ecological space is the basis of human production and life. Taking Hulun Buir city of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as an example, this paper systematically constructs an evaluation index system of comprehensive ecological space importance, and then carries out the quantitative identification of ecological space. On this basis, the dynamic evolution characteristics of ecological space are analyzed to find the spatiotemporal differentiation law of ecological space in the study area. The research found that: (1) The overall importance index of ecological space is high. During the study period, the proportion of core type and importance type of ecological space in the total area maintained at above 50%, and showed a gradual upward trend. The core type, importance type and non-critical type of ecological space showed an increasing trend, while transitional type and general type showed a decreasing trend. (2) The comprehensive activity degree of ecological space showed a gradual increase, with the highest value in 2015-2018, accounting for 7.85%. (3) The stability of core type, importance type and non-critical type of ecological spaces was much better during the study period, compared with that of transitional type and general type. In addition, as the overall importance index of ecological space showed an upward trend, and all types of ecological space were mainly converted to the type of ecological space with higher importance index. (4) The change of ecological importance has obvious spatial heterogeneity. During the study period, the ecological space with continuous higher level of importance is mainly distributed in forest region of Da Hinggan Mountains and the core water bodies such as Hulun Lake, while the ecological space with continuous lower level of importance is mainly distributed in pastoral areas in the west and farming areas in the east. On the whole, the ecological environment of Hulun Buir grassland was improved obviously during the study period.