基于结构重要度的地铁人员疏散瓶颈识别方法

为了提出一种新的量化人员疏散瓶颈的识别方法。以某地铁站为例，运用EVACNET4模型软件，模拟该地铁站发生火灾等事故时，人群的疏散情况，采用网络结构效益与结构重要度结合的方法查找疏散过程中的瓶颈所在，通过计算疏散瓶颈的结构重要度，将各瓶颈按其对车站安全疏散的影响程度排序，找出瓶颈制约点。结果表明:地铁站内的自动扶梯的开闭状态对疏散时间的影响很大，在发生火灾等特殊事件时应将自动扶梯停止运行，当作楼梯使用。同时，闸机的开闭状态也会影响疏散时间，但只要保障疏散过程中闸机可用，人员均能在规定的时间内完成疏散。通过对比分析门扉式闸机和三杆门式闸机的优劣，在建设地铁时，主要应以门扉式闸机为检票通道。

Identification method of evacuation bottlenecks in subway based on structural importance

The purpose of this study is propose a new method of bottleneck identification in the evacuation process. The modeling software EVACNET4 was applied to simulate the evacuation of crowd in a certain subway station when fires and other accidents happened. A combination method of network structure effectiveness and structural importance was applied to find the bottlenecks in the evacuation process. By calculating the structural importance of evacuation bottlenecks, the bottlenecks were sorted by their impact on the safe evacuation of the station, so as to find out the bottleneck restriction points. The results showed that the opening and closing state of the escalator in the subway station has a significant impact on the evacuation time. When special events occurs, such as a fire, the escalator should be stopped and used as stairs. Meanwhile, the opening and closing state of the gates also affect the evacuation time, but as long as the gates is available in the evacuation process, the pedestrians can evacuate within the stipulated time. Through comparative analysis of the pros and cons of doors type gates and three-rods door gates, when building asubway, the doors type gates should be the main channel for the ticket check.