重金属含量对城市土壤真菌群落结构的影响

作为土壤微生物系统的一个重要组成部分,真菌可以明显地对土壤环境的变化起到指示作用;城市中的人为活动很容易影响到土壤状况,因此城市土壤往往有人为重金属富集现象的出现.对城市内部不同功能区土壤中的真菌群落结构进行分析,旨在探明城市内部不同功能区中重金属含量对土壤真菌群落结构的影响,为城市土壤生态系统的修复与保护和城市环境质量的提高与改善等提供理论基础.以重庆市北碚区5个城市功能区,共计8个采样点的城市土壤作为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术,研究土壤中真菌多样性及群落结构特征.北碚不同功能区土壤中Cd和Hg的含量均超过重庆市环境背景值,其中,紫色土基地外围土壤20～40 cm和40～60 cm土层出现轻度污染,京东方外围绿化带20～40 cm土层和智能研究院0～20 cm土层处于重金属污染警戒状态.大部分采样点的Sobs、 Chao1和Ace指数均随着土壤深度的增加而减小. NMDS分析结果表明,京东方外围绿化带0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层与40～60 cm土层真菌群落相似性差异较大,智能研究院0～20 cm土层和20～40 cm土层的真菌群落相似性差异也较大.从群落组成方面分析,在门...

Effects of Heavy Metal Content on Fungal Community Structure in Urban Soil

As an important part of the soil microbial system, fungi can clearly indicate changes in the soil environment.Human activities in the city can easily affect the soil condition, so the phenomenon of artificial heavy metal enrichment often appears in urban soil. The objective of this study was to analyze the fungal community structure in different urban functional areas and to determine the effect of heavy metal content in different urban functional areas on the soil fungal community structure. This study provides theoretical basis for protecting and repairing the urban soil ecosystem and transforming and improving urban environmental quality. Soil samples from eight sampling sites in five functional areas of Beibei District in Chongqing were taken as the research objects. The diversity and community structure of fungi in soil were studied using high-throughput sequencing technology. The content of Cd and Hg in the soil of different functional areas in Beibei District exceeded the environmental background value of Chongqing. The 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers of JD were slightly polluted. The 20-40 cm soil layer and 0-20 cm soil layer of JLD and ZYY, respectively, were in the alerting state of heavy metal pollution. The Sobs index, Chao 1 index, and Ace index of most sampling points decreased with the increase in soil depth. The NMDS analysis showed that the composition of fungal communities between the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil depths in both JD and ZYY were quite different. From the perspective of community composition, Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum in the soil, followed by unclassified _k _Fungi and Basidiomycota. At the genus level, unclassified_k_Fungi, unclassified_p_Ascomycota, unclassified_o_Sordariales, Scopuloides, Robillarda, and Dactylonectria had higher abundances. The redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that Pb and Zn had the greatest effect on the samples, and the effect on the fungal community structure was significantly different. This study has deepened the understanding of the relationship between the content of heavy metals in different urban functional areas and the structure of fungal communities and has provided a scientific basis for the rational use and planning of urban soil.