基于鱼类生物完整性指数的上海苏州河水生态系统健康评价

苏州河横贯上海中心城区,曾是都市污染河流。为从生态学角度揭示苏州河的污染程度,笔者采用鱼类生物完整性指数（F-IBI）评价了苏州河水生态系统的健康状况。分别于2019年6月4—23日（夏季）和9月14—26日（秋季）,租用专业渔船在苏州河13个断面采集样本,共采集到10 102尾鱼类,隶属于8目15科37属45种。以大莲湖为参照点,通过判别分析和关联度筛选,从5大类29个初选指标中筛选出10个指标,构建了苏州河F-IBI评价指标体系。分析结果表明：夏季干流上游的5个断面状况为"极好"或"好",支流3个断面为"好"或"一般",而干流下游的5个断面则为"差"或"极差"。秋季干流上游5个断面和支流3个断面与夏季的健康状况相似,下游断面则有所改善,仅武宁路桥为"极差",其余均为"一般"或"差"。研究显示苏州河上游干流的水生态系统已基本恢复,而上游支流和下游干流还未建立健康稳定的水生态系统。建议苏州河环境综合整治第四期工程要更加注重治理岸上的污染源,同步实施干支流水系的污染治理,定期开展城区段淤泥清理,实施岸线的生态化改造。

Ecological Health Assessment of Suzhou River in Shanghai Based on Fish Index of Biotic Integrity

The Suzhou River runs through downtown Shanghai.It was once a famous urban polluted river.In order to reveal the pollution degree of Suzhou River from the ecological view,fish index of biological integrity (F-IBI) was used to evaluate the health status of aquatic ecosystem.During June 4-23 (Summer) and September 14-26 (Autumn) of 2019,we rented a professional fishing boat to collect samples from 13 sections of Suzhou River.A total of 10102 fish were collected,belonging to 45 species,37 genera,15 families and 8 orders.Taking Dalian Lake as the reference point,after discriminant and correlation analysis of the candidate indicators,the F-IBI evaluation index system of Suzhou River was constructed with 10 indicators,then we evaluated the health status of the summer and autumn water ecosystem respectively.The results showed that five sections of upstream in summer were in "excellent" or "good",three sections in the tributaries were "good" or "general",and five sections in downstream were "poor" or "extremely poor".In autumn,five sections of upstream and three sections in tributaries were similar to the health status in summer,while the situation of downstream sections was improved,only Wuning Road Bridge was "extremely poor",and the rest were "general" or "poor".The results showed that the aquatic ecosystem in the upper reaches of Suzhou River had been basically restored,while the upstream tributaries and downstream had not established a healthy and stable aquatic ecosystem.We suggested that the fourth phase of the ongoing environmental comprehensive regulation project of Suzhou River,should pay more attention to the treatment of pollution sources on shore.Pollution control should be carried out simultaneously in the main and tributary water systems.At the same time,regularly carry out sludge cleaning and implement ecological reconstruction to the river bank.