黑龙江流域水环境背景值研究进展

黑龙江流域地处世界三大黑土区之一的中国东北平原,土壤腐殖质含量高,这些腐殖质随着地面径流进入水体,成为流域溶解性有机物（DOM）的自然本底（环境背景）。自然本底的存在导致流域水质有机污染综合指标不能真实反映流域的人为污染,流域背景区内高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量背景值范围分别为3.0~11.7、14.3~40.5 mg/L。流域部分水质考核断面水质受到有机质背景值的影响。由于叠加人为污染,定量分析高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量背景值范围存在很大难度。重金属元素相对稳定,相对于"六五"时期重金属背景值,目前水体中重金属含量普遍升高。结合水环境管理需求,背景值研究成果应用于水环境管理还需要进一步深入研究和实践。笔者在综述黑龙江流域水环境背景值研究基础上,总结目前存在的问题,提出水环境背景值研究建议,为科学客观评价流域水质提供参考。

Background Values of Water Environmental of Heilongjiang River Basin

The Heilongjiang River Basin is located in the world-famous black soil areas,and it is known that the high humic substances (HM) concentration in the Heilongjiang River Basin caused by the characteristics of the black soil.The HM reaches the water body with the erosion of surface runoff,it becomes a part of the natural background of the river DOM.The HM causes the value ascending of COD_Mn,COD index,which cover-up the actual human pollution to the river basin.The background value ranges of COD_Mn,COD were 3.0-11.7 mg/L,14.3-40.5 mg/L respectively.Heavy metal elements are relatively stable.The content of heavy metals in water are generally increased compared with the background value of heavy metals in the 6th Five-Year Plan period.The application of background value in water environment management needs further research and practice combined with the demand of water environment management.On the basis of summarizing the research on water environment background value in Heilongjiang,the existing problems are summarized and some research suggestions on water environment background value are put forward.The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for scientific and objective evaluation of water quality in Heilongjiang River.