日本企业实行严格自主环境管理的原因及其对中国的启示

分析了日本企业实行严格自主环境管理的原因，认为市民环境意识的提高和严格的法律制度对企业治理污染形成了强大的外部压力；高额的排污收费标准促使企业不断降低污染物排放浓度；公害防治资金支援和税收优惠政策鼓励企业加强污染治理；消费者选择环境友好型产品促使企业追求严格的自主环境管理：出口型经济迫使日本企业采取严格环境标准以避免绿色贸易壁垒。结合我国国情，提出加强我国企业环境管理需要完善的政策和措施；提高公民环境意识，扩展公民环境权益；提高排污收费标准，筹集污染治理资金；加强行政执法力度，为企业创造公平的竞争环境；完善企业污染治理的资金和税收优惠政策；借鉴日本企业“公害防治管理员制度”，培养污染治理人才。

Reasons to Implement Stringently Voluntary Environmental Management in Japanese Enterprises and Their Inspirations to China

Reasons to implement stringently voluntary environmental management in Japanese enterprises were analysed.It has been indicated that the improvement of environmental awareness and stringent environ- mental laws and regulations put much pressure on Japanese enterprises from outside.Enterprises are spurred to decrease the pollutant emission strength continuously due to the high pollutant discharge fee.Subsidy and preferential taxes for industrial pollution prevention encourage the enterprises to speed up pollution control.The preference of consumers to environmental friendly products urges the enterprises to pursue stringently voluntary environmental management.Export oriented economy compels Japanese enterprises to adopt stringent envi- ronmental standards to avoid the influence of green trade barrier.Considering the Chinese situation,five as- pects of policies and measures have been put forward in order to complete and strengthen environmental man- agement in Chinese enterprises including enhancing environmental awareness and expanding environmental rights,increasing the pollutant discharge fee to collect fund for pollution control,strengthening enforcement of environmental laws to create a fair competition condition for enterprises,completing subsidy and taxes preferen- tial policies for enterprises' pollution control and learning from Japanese pollution control manager system to train pollution control professionals for enterprises.