An Assessment of Management Practices to Control Nutrient and Pesticide Levels in Vegetable Production Areas in the Rattaphum Catchment, Thailand |
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Authors: | W Chatupote A Kamnalrut S Pipithsangchan S Choto |
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Institution: | (1) Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkhla University, Hat Yai, Thailand |
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Abstract: | The over-use of agrochemicals may have adverse effects on soils along with surface and groundwater. An assessment of alternative
management practices to reduce the application of agrochemicals and minimise the pollution of water resources was carried
out in the vegetable agro-ecosystem in the Rattaphum Catchment. This paper details the factors that govern the volume of agrochemicals
used on high intensity crops in this area, covering the choice of crop and cropping patterns, level of pest and weed infestation
and the socio-economic status of farmers such as capital, size of holding and labour availability. Alternative management
practices tested included (i) a reduction in the use of pesticides and chemical fertilisers; (ii) the use of bio-insecticides
and bio-fertilisers; and (iii) the development of buffer zones near streams to reduce nutrient leaching into surface water
systems.
The results showed that when compared with bio-insecticides, synthetic insecticides were more effective in controlling major
insect pests during chaisim vegetable production and were associated with higher net incomes. The high rate of application
of chemical fertilisers in home gardens and commercial farms led to the accumulation of phosphorous and potassium in the top
soil, with the traditional method of combining organic and chemical fertilisers producing the highest total nitrogen soil
content. A fifty percent reduction in chemical fertilisers in the commercial farms produced the lowest total nitrogen soil
content, without any apparent change in crop yield.
The three types of tested buffers seem to be effective in reducing runoff and sediment load and were particularly efficient
in lowering nutrient leaching to streams; the best results were obtained with an effective length of 2.5 m. |
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Keywords: | bio-fertilisers bio-insecticides buffer zones management practices nutrient leaching |
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