大港工业区土壤重金属污染及生态风险评价

在前期调研与野外调查的基础上,在天津大港工业区周边采集128个表层土壤样品,测试和分析了其中10种重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Co、Cu、Pb、Ni、V、Zn和Hg)的含量,分别利用地累积指数法和地统计方法研究了重金属的污染程度和空间分布特征,并对土壤重金属的潜在生态风险进行了评价,最后对重金属的来源进行了分析.结果表明,该研究区As、Cd和Co超过天津背景值的比例最大,分别为100%、97.66%和96.88%;各种重金属的含量与2004年相比有一定程度的升高,以Cd和As的污染情况最严重,其余重金属多为中度及以下污染水平.不同用地类型中重金属的生态风险存在较大差异,西南部农业用地或与工业用地周边区域表层土壤存在较高的生态风险,综合生态危害指数最大可达1 437.37.相关性分析和主成分分析的结果表明,交通运输和农业生产可能是该研究区重金属的主要污染源,周边的工业活动对区域内重金属的累积可能也有一定影响.

Heavy Metals Pollution in Topsoil from Dagang Industry Area and Its Ecological Risk Assessment

Based on previous studies and field investigation of Dagang industry area in Tianjin,a total of 128 topsoil samples were collected, and contents of 10 heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Ni, V, Zn and Hg) were determined. The geoaccumulation index and geostatistics were applied to examine the degree of contamination and spatial distribution of heavy metals in topsoil. The assessment on ecological risk of heavy metals was carried out using Hakanson's method, and the main resources of the heavy metals were analyzed as well. It was found that As, Cd and Co had the highest proportions exceeding Tianjin background value, which were 100%, 97.66% and 96.88%, respectively; the heavy-metal content increased to some extent comparing with that in 2004, and the pollutions of As and Cd were the worst, and other metals were at moderate pollution level or below. The ecological risks of heavy metals were different in topsoil with different land use types, the farmland soil in the southwest as well as soils adjacent to the industrial land were at relatively high potential ecological risk level, and the integrated ecological risk index reached up to 1437.37. Analysis of correlation and principal component showed that traffic and transportation as well as agricultural activities might be the main resources of heavy metals in the area, besides, the industrial activities in the region might also affect the accumulation of heavy metals.