城市景观娱乐水体微生物风险评价

随着城市居民亲水娱乐活动日益增加,开展景观娱乐水体微生物风险评价,并以此为基础开展有效的风险管理,对于人口密集的城市区域尤为重要.以我国南方某城市3个典型景观娱乐水体为案例,采用定量微生物风险评价的方法框架,综合运用水质监测、社会调查、文献调研等方法开展暴露评价,并由此开展基于粪大肠菌(FC)、大肠埃希氏菌(EC)和肠球菌(ENT)的多微生物指标人体健康风险评价.结果表明,基于FC、EC和ENT的多指标微生物风险评价结果具有一定的一致性和可比性;位于城市居住区的B河段不宜作为人体直接或非直接接触的娱乐水体,其对公众健康的风险主要来源于用作家庭杂用水;位于城市公共开放空间的C河段和风景旅游区的E湖可以满足现有的景观娱乐功能要求,其对公众健康的风险主要来源于各种休闲娱乐活动;应重视与城市景观娱乐水体功能不匹配的无序利用(如作为家庭杂用水)对公众健康的风险.

Microbial Risk Assessment of Urban Water Bodies for Aesthetical and Recreational Uses

With the increasing public access to urban water bodies for aesthetical and recreational purposes, it is of critical importance for densely populated urban areas to conduct microbial risk assessment and accordingly implement effective risk management. Based on the methodology of quantitative microbial risk assessment, a case study was conducted on three typical urban water bodies for aesthetical and recreational uses in a southern city in China. Exposure assessment was carried out through water quality monitoring, field survey and literature review, and accordingly human health risk was assessed with different dose-response equations based on fecal coliforms (FC), Escherichia coli (EC) and Enterococci (ENT). Microbial risk estimated by different dose-response equations was found consistent with and comparable to each other. Stream B located in a residential area was not suitable for primary- or secondary-contact recreational uses, and its microbial risk to the public mainly came from water abstraction for household miscellaneous uses. Stream C and Lake E, located in a public open space and a scenic area respectively, could meet the current recreational requirements, and their microbial risk to the public was generally attributed to various recreational activities. It was necessary to address the public health risk associated with the unauthorized or inappropriate water uses (e. g. abstraction for household miscellaneous uses) of urban aesthetical and recreational water bodies.