溶氧对富集培养的河口湿地表层沉积物氨氧化菌多样性及氨氧化速率的影响

溶氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)是影响氨氧化过程的一个重要环境因素.为探究DO对氨氧化过程的影响程度及其作用机制,本研究对驯化培养河口湿地表层沉积物所得到的氨氧化菌富集培养物进行DO处理实验,利用PCR-DGGE分子指纹图谱技术比较不同DO条件下氨氧化菌多样性,确定DO对氨氧化速率、氨氧化菌多样性的影响规律.结果表明,在饱和及好氧条件下氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)群落多样性指数(Shannon index)达到2.00和2.05,氨氧化古菌(ammonia-oxidizing archaea,AOA)为2.49和2.03,氨氧化速率分别达到14.20 mg·(L·d)-1和13.36 mg·(L·d)-1,NH4+-N转化率达到93.8%和88.2%.而在缺氧和厌氧条件下AOB群落多样性指数分别为1.76和1.80,AOA为1.27和2.21,氨氧化速率仅为7.82 mg·(L·d)-1和5.66 mg·(L·d)-1,NH4+-N转化率为51.7%和37.4%.相关性分析结果表明,DO浓度与氨氧化速率呈极显著正相关,与AOB多样性指数亦呈显著正相关;DO和氨氧化速率与AOA群落各指数都无相关关系.

Effect of Dissolved Oxygen on Diversity of Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms in Enrichment Culture from Estuarine Wetland Surface Sediments and Ammonia-oxidizing Rate

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is one of the important environmental factors influencing the ammonia oxidation process. In order to examine the effects of DO on ammonia oxidation process and its potential mechanisms, surface sediments from Jiulong River Estuarine Wetland were collected and cultured to obtain enrichment cultures. Then the enrichment cultures were inoculated under different levels of DO, and the diversity of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms was analyzed using PCR-DGGE technique to determine the effect of DO on the ammonia oxidation rate and the ammonia-oxidizing microorganism diversity. Results showed that the Shannon index was 2.00 and 2.05 for ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) under saturated and aerobic conditions, respectively, and the values were 2.49 (saturated) and 2.03 (aerobic) for ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA). However, this index was 1.76 and 1.80 for AOB under hypoxia and anaerobic condition, and 1.27 and 2.21 for AOA. Under saturated and aerobic conditions (higher DO level), the ammonia-oxidizing rates were 14.20 mg·(L·d)^-1 and 13.36 mg·(L·d)^-1 and the related conversation rates of NH₄⁺-N were 93.8% and 88.2%, respectively. In comparison, under hypoxia and anaerobic conditions (lower DO level), the ammonia-oxidizing rates were 7.82 mg·(L·d)^-1 and 5.66 mg·(L·d)^-1 and the related conversation rates of NH₄⁺-N were 51.7% and 37.4%, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that DO concentration was highly significantly positively correlated with the ammonia oxidation rate, and was significantly positively correlated with the AOB diversity index; DO and ammonia oxidation rate had no correlation with indices of AOA community.