高速公路交通事故成因分析及对策研究

高速公路因其独特的行车环境 ,其交通事故损失十分巨大 ,研究成因分析具有十分重要的意义。影响高速公路安全的因素很多 ,以往的分析 ,只是从定性的角度 ,没有给出定量方面的具体研究。笔者从系统科学的观点出发 ,对我国高速公路交通事故进行统计分析 ,综合考虑交通参与者、车辆、道路以及行车环境 ,运用层次分析法对主要成因进行分析。结果显示 ,驾驶员因素、外部行车环境 ,尤其是先进的管理技术等占有很大的比重。笔者提出了相关的解决措施及对策建议 ,主观上应该加强对驾驶人员的安全教育培训 ;客观上应该提高车辆、道路的技术水平 ,同时加强高科技技术在事故管理中的应用 ,建立先进的高速公路交通事故管理系统。

Cause Analysis of Traffic Accidents on Express Highway and Study on Their Countermeasures

The loss of express way traffic accident is very heavy due to its unique driving surroundings. So it is of great significance to study the cause of accidents. There are many factors affecting the safety of express way. The available analyses are only qualitative but not quantitative. This study starts with system science; people, vehicles, road conditions and driving environment involved in the traffic are comprehensively taken into consideration in the statistic analysis. The main factors are analyzed by AHP method. The results show that drivers, exterior driving environment, especially advanced management technologies, are of great importance. Finally, relevant countermeasures are suggested. On the one hand, the safety education and training to drivers should be reinforced. On the other hand, the technical conditions of vehicles and roads should be improved. At the same time, hi-tech should be applied in accident management, and an advanced accident management system for express highway should be established.