基于剪切乳化机的采油污水再现配置与分散相破碎乳化行为

以剪切乳化机为主体,设计、加工了一套采油污水室内再现配置装置,探讨了含油量、剪切强度(与流量同比变化,下同)等不同配置条件下的再现采油污水粒度分布、乳化度、Zeta电位和粘度等性能参数以及乳化机前后的压力损失.结果表明,该采油污水再现配置装置,能满足不同性质采油污水的配置要求,剪切乳化机的压力损失随着剪切强度的增大而明显升高,而随含油量增大没有明显的变化趋势,呈现出基本稳定的状态.较大的剪切强度创造了湍流流体条件,强化了分散相颗粒之间的碰撞聚结行为,因而再现采油污水的乳化度随剪切强度增大而降低,这种降低的程度又受含油量的影响:低含油量时剪切强度的影响明显,高含油量时这种影响逐渐减弱并趋于平缓.鉴于高含油量时趋于形成大粒径油珠,再现采油污水的乳化度随含油量增大而呈现略微的下降趋势,这种下降趋势的程度同时受剪切强度的影响:低剪切强度时含油量的影响较为明显,而高剪切强度时的剪切条件削弱了含油量的影响.Zeta电位随着剪切强度增大而不断增大,使得分散相颗粒带电绝对值降低,乳化体系有脱稳的趋势,导致颗粒间的碰撞聚结机会变大,与乳化度降低的趋势相吻合.剪切强度和含油量对再现采油污水粘度的影响不大.

Behavior of produced wastewater preparation base on shearing emulsifier and dispersed phase droplet breakup

For the study on produced wastewater treatment, an preparation equipment based on shearing emulsifier was designed and manufactured. Granulometric distribution, emulsibility, Zeta potential and viscidity of prepared produced wastewater and the pressure drop across the emulsifier were explored under the different conditions such as oil contents and shearing strength. The experimental results indicated that the prepared produced wastewaters have distinctive nature of characteristics and meet different research requirements. With the proportional increases of shearing strength with flow quantity, the pressure drops across shearing emulsifier go up in evidence, and with oil contents increase, the pressure drops keep near balance. Larger shear strengthes create turbulent fluid environment, strengthening the collision and coalescence efficiency of the dispersed phase droplets, thus the emulsibilities of prepared produced wastewater decrease with the proportional increases of shearing strength with flow quantity, and the decreasing level is also affected by the oil contents, with the significant influence of shear strength at low oil content while the gentle influence of shear strength at high oil content. In view of the tending to form large size oil droplet at high oil contents, the emulsibilities of prepared produced wastewater decrease slightly with oil contents increase, and the decreasing level is influenced by the shearing strength at the same time, with the influence of oil contents obvious at low shearing strength while high shear strength weakening the influence of oil content. With the proportional increases of shearing strength with flow quantity, Zeta potentials increase constantly, making absolute charge value of the dispersed phase droplet reduced and emulsion system tending to be instable, thus the collision and coalescence chances increase, which agrees with the declining trend of the emulsibility. Shearing strength and oil percents play nearly no role on the viscidity of prepared produced wastewater.