10种农药对克氏原螯虾幼虾的急性毒性(Acute Toxicity of Ten Pesticides to Larval Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus Clarkii)

研究了在实验室常温条件下敌杀死、索虫亡、百草一号、敌敌畏、卷清、逐灭(池塘水)、逐灭(自来水)、锐劲特、抑虱净、草甘膦、星科等10种农药对克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)幼虾的急性毒性效应.试验结果表明,克氏原螯虾幼虾对不同农药的耐受力相差较大.敌杀死、索虫亡、百草一号、敌敌畏、卷清、逐灭(池塘水)、逐灭(自来水)、锐劲特、抑虱净、草甘膦、星科对克氏原螯虾幼虾的24h半致死浓度(24hLC50)分别为4.62×10-3、2.28×10-2、16.7、2.57×10-1、4.73×10-3、8.91×10-2、2.97×10-2、8.90×10-2、8.08、5.52×103、3.64×10-1mg·L-1;48h半致死浓度(48hLC50)分别为3.07×10-3、1.46×10-2、15.8、1.98×10-1、4.33×10-3、3.48×10-2、1.48×10-2、6.01×10-2、6.47、4.06×103、1.99×10-1mg·L-1;其安全浓度(SC)分别为4.07×0-4、1.80×10-3、4.16、3.72×10-2、1.09×10-3、1.59×10-3、1.10×10-3、8.22×10-3、1.24、6.59×102、1.78×10-2mg·L-1.相比之下,草甘膦对克氏原螯虾幼虾的毒性最低,百草一号的毒性也相对较低,可以作为稻虾混养系统病虫害防治的首选,而敌杀死、卷清等对克氏原螯虾幼虾的毒性极高,应尽量避免使用.

Acute Toxicity of Ten Pesticides to Larval Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus Clarkii

The acute toxicity of ten pesticides to the larval red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii were studied under laboratory conditions and room temperature.The results showed a significant variation of the tolerance of the Procambarus Clarkii to the pesticides.The mean static acute 24h LC50 of deltamethrin,profenofos and phoxim,dichlorvos,matrine,avermectins,dimethoate and triazophos(pond water),dimethoate and triazophos(tap water),fipronil,dimethacarb and tazimcarb,glyphosat,cypermethrin and phoxim to the crayfish were 4.62×10-3,2.28×10-2,16.7,2.57×10-1,4.73×10-3,8.91×10-2,2.97×10-2,8.90×10-2,8.08,5.52×103,3.64×10-1mg·L-1,respectively,while the mean static acute 48h LC50 were 3.07×10-3,1.46×10-2,15.8,1.98×10-1,4.33×10-3,3.48×10-2,1.48×10-2,6.01×10-2,6.47,4.06×103,1.99×10-1 mg·L-1,respectively.The safe concentration of the crayfish to the ten pesticides thus were 4.07 ×0-4,1.80 ×10-3,4.16,3.72 ×10-2,1.09 ×10-3,1.59 ×10-3,1.10 ×10-3,8.22 ×10-3,1.24,6.59 ×102,1.78 ×10-2mg·L-1,respectively.Results indicated that the acute toxicity of glyphosat to Procambarus clarkii's larvae was the lowest,and the acute toxicity of matrine was the second lowest,and both belong to the low-toxic substances and could be of the priority of being used in rice-crayfish culture.However,the acute toxicity of deltamethrin and avermectins etc.,to Procambarus clarkii's larvae were proved to be very high,thus should be avoid of using.