基于“2-4”模型的建筑施工高处坠落事故原因分类与统计分析

为了明确建筑施工高处坠落事故的原因分类及各类原因的发生频次概况，采用事故致因“2-4”模型分析了2000—2016年间的56起建筑施工高处坠落事故，并对各类原因进行了分类和统计分析。分析得出安全管理体系缺欠7类共62项，其中，无安全技术交底或技术交底不合格、安全组织机构不合格、无施工组织设计方案或方案不合格出现频次位于前三位；得出安全知识不足62项，安全意识不高58项，较管理者而言，一线操作者的安全知识不足和安全意识不高问题均占多数；得出不安全动作19类共296个，其中，安全培训缺失或不到位和劳动防护用品的缺乏和不正确使用2类不安全动作发生频率较高；得出不安全物态6类共54项，其中出现频率较高的是安全防护栏杆缺失或存在缺陷、脚手架或作业平台搭设不规范、安全网缺失或存在缺陷。

Causes classification and statistical analysis on falling accidents on construction sites based on "2-4" model

To understand the causes classification and their frequencies of falling accidents on construction sites, 56 falling accidents on construction sites which occurred from 2000 to 2016 were analyzed by using the accident causes "2-4" model, and the classification and statistical analysis were carried out on various causes. It showed that there were 62 items of defects in safety management system, which fell into 7 categories, and among them, the frequencies of without safety technical explanation or unqualified technical explanation, unqualified safety organization, and without construction organization design scheme or unqualified scheme occupied the top three. 62 items of insufficient safety knowledge and 58 items of low safety awareness were identified, and compared with the managers, the problems of insufficient safety knowledge and low safety awareness of the first-line operators were both in the majority. 296 items of unsafe acts were identified, which fell into 19 categories, and among them, the frequencies of lacking or inadequate safety training and lacking or improper use of PPE were higher. 54 items of unsafe conditions were identified, which fell into 6 categories, and among them, the frequencies of lacking or de-fective safety protection railing, irregular construction of scaffold or operating platform, and the lacking or defec-tive safety nets were higher.