高处坠落事故的人因失误与干预策略研究

为系统分析导致高处坠落人因事故的产生机理，通过统计152起建筑工程高处坠落事故的调查与分析报告，从组织影响、安全监管、不安全行为前提条件和不安全行为等4个层次，辨识影响高处坠落事故的人为失误因素，修订人为因素分析与分类系统框架（HFACS）。设计高处坠落人因失误调查问卷，开展一线高处作业人员问卷调查，建立高处坠落人因失误结构方程模型，对导致高处坠落事故的人为失误因素进行路径分析。结果表明:各潜在因素间均呈正相关，且高处坠落人因失误事故的关键路径为资源管理不到位→安全监督培训不充分→班组管理不良→操作违规。综合各因素间相关性，提出了针对性的预防高处坠落事故的人因干预策略。

Study on human error and intervention strategies of high falling accidents

In order to systematically analysis the generation mechanism of high falling accidents due to human factor, through the statistics on the investigation and analysis reports of 152 high falling accidents in construction engineering, the human error factors of high falling accidents were identified from four levels of organizational influence, safety supervision, preconditions of unsafe behavior and unsafe behavior, then the framework of human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS) was revised. The questionnaire on human error of high falling accidents was designed, and the questionnaire survey on the front-line operators working at height was carried out. A structural equation model (SEM) on the human error of high falling accidents was established, then the path analysis on human error factors leading to high falling accidents was conducted. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between each potential factor, and the key path of high falling accidents due to human error was the lacking resource management, the insufficient safety supervision and training, the bad team and group management, and the illegal operation. Synthesizing the correlation between each factor, the targeted intervention strategies of human factor to prevent the high falling accidents were proposed.