Source and transport of tricresyl phosphate (TCP) isomers in Kurose river basin |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perinatal Research Laboratories, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA;2. Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200040, PR China;3. Departments of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA;4. Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA;5. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong, PR China;1. Division of Longevity and Biofunctional Medicine, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea;2. Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan, Korea;3. Division of Applied Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea;1. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado at Boulder, CO, USA;2. Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA;4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA;5. School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA;6. Atmospheric Sciences Program, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA;7. Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands;1. Civil Eng. Dept., University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Institute of Environmental and Water Resources Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China;2. Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China;3. Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China |
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| Abstract: | Atmospheric tricresyl phosphate (TCP) isomers in Kurose river basin were determined. The concentrations of o-TCP and m-TCP were 0.13 and 0.09 ng m−3, respectively, while p-TCP was scarcely detected. Exhaust gases from motorcycles and automobiles were main sources for TCP isomers in the atmosphere. Exhaust gas from incinerator also contributes to atmospheric concentration of TCP isomers. Most of the TCP isomers could be estimated to be sorbed to particles, due to their low vapor pressures. The concentrations of TCP isomers were relatively high in soils collected from an open storage yard of waste PVC and near the highway and greenhouse of agricultural film. On the other hand, the concentrations were negligibly small in soil collected from the forest except for the silt-clay fraction in the soil. Dry deposition fluxes of o-TCP and m-TCP from the atmosphere was 0.2 and 0.04 μg m−2 d−1, respectively. Wet deposition flux of TCP isomers during one rainfall exceeded occasionally the dry deposition flux for two weeks. TCP isomers accumulated in soil were discharged into river by precipitation event. Their concentrations increased with an increase in river flow, characteristic of a non-point source of TCP isomers. |
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