Indoor ozone/terpene reactions as a source of indoor particles |
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| Institution: | 1. Department Urban and Environmental Sociology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;2. Dept. Molecular Systems Biology, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Germany;3. Department Environmental Immunology - Core Facility Studies, UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;4. Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Leipzig, Stephanstrasse 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;1. Berkeley Education Alliance for Research in Singapore, 1 Create Way, #11-01, Singapore 138602, Singapore;2. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, N1-01a-29, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore;1. Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;2. Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health (MIAEH), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA;1. Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08904, USA;2. Eastman Kodak Company, Specialty Chemicals, Inks, & Dispersions Division, 343 State Street, Rochester, NY, 14650, USA;1. Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;2. Center for Statistical Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;3. Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;4. Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China |
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| Abstract: | This paper reports effects of reactions between ozone and selected terpenes on the concentrations and size distributions of airborne particles in a typical indoor setting. The studies were conducted in adjacent, identical offices. In the first set of experiments, known concentrations of ozone and a selected terpene (either d-limonene, α-terpinene, or a terpene-based cleaner whose major constituent is α-pinene) were deliberately introduced into one of the offices while the other office served as a control. Subsequent particle formation and redistribution were monitored with an eight-channel optical particle counter. Particle formation was observed in each terpene system, but was greatest in the case of d-limonene. The number of particles in the 0.1–0.2 μm diameter size range was as much as 20 times larger in the office with deliberately supplemented ozone and d-limonene than in the office serving as the control. The concentration differences in the larger size ranges developed with time, indicating the importance of coagulation and condensation processes in this indoor environment. In the second set of experiments, d-limonene was deliberately introduced into one of the offices, but ozone was not supplemented in either office; instead, the indoor ozone concentrations were those that happened to be present (primarily as a consequence of outdoor-to-indoor transport). In the office that contained supplemental d-limonene, the concentrations of the 0.1–0.2 μm particles tracked those of indoor ozone (the limiting reagent) and were as much as 10 times greater than levels measured in the comparable office that did not contain supplemental d-limonene. The results demonstrate that ozone/terpene reactions can be a significant source of sub-micron particles in indoor settings, and further illustrate the potential for reactions among commonly occurring indoor pollutants to markedly influence indoor environments. |
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