Effects of soil dust episodes and mixed fuel sources on source apportionment of PM10 particles in Kuopio,Finland |
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| Institution: | 1. Coal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Northeast Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat 785006, India;2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India;3. Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784008, India;1. Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;2. Taiwan Volcano Observatory-Tatun, Taiwan;3. Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan;4. Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan;1. IVAR – Research Institute for Volcanology and Risks Assessment, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal;2. FCT – Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal;3. CIVISA – Centre for Information and Seismovolcanic Surveillance of the Azores, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | A receptor modeling study was carried out in Kuopio, Finland, between January and April 1994. Near the center of town, the daily mean concentrations were measured for PM10, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide and Black Smoke. Elemental concentrations of PM10 samples for 38 days were analyzed by ICP-MS. The main sources and their contributions to the measured concentrations of PM10 particles were solved by receptor modeling using a factor analysis-multiple linear regression (FA-MLR) model. Because a dust episode was very strong during two sampling days, the FA analysis was strongly influenced by this episode and did not give main factors. The factor analysis, when the two episode days were omitted, gave credible factors related to the sources in the study area. The four major sources and their estimated contributions to the average PM10 concentration of 27.2 μg m-3 were: soil and street dust 46–48%, heavy fuel oil burning 12–18%, traffic exhaust 10–14%, wood burning ca. 11% and unidentified sources 15–25%. However, during spring dust episode days, with maximum PM10 concentration of 150 μg m-3, the main source of PM10 was soil. |
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