产品贸易对区域水资源的影响分析

论文以北京市为例,计算了1997年北京市各产业部门的用水系数和废污水排放系数指标。分析发现,农业、化学等产业部门用水系数和废污水排放系数都较高,用水效率低,1997年北京市这些部门产品贸易输入量较大;货邮、电子、服务等产业部门用水系数和废污水排放系数都较低,用水效率高,1997年北京市这些部门产品贸易输出量大。1997年北京市因产品贸易输出水资源149942×10⁴m³,输入水资源304001×10⁴m³,净输入水资源154059×10⁴m³;因产品贸易输出废污水79300×10⁴m³,输入废污水41506×10⁴m³,转移废污水37794×10⁴m³。由此得出结论,1997年北京市产品贸易是有效缓解北京市水资源紧缺形势的途径和策略。针对北京市未来更加严峻的水资源形势,提出北京市应进一步巩固和发展货邮、电子、服务行业,尽量压缩农业、食品、电力、纺织、化学、商饮、造纸等行业发展。

The Analysis of Products Trade Impact on Regional Water Resource

Using the input-output analysis method,this paper sets up the input-output analysis mo-del of water resources,which reflects economic operation,water use and sewage discharge of national economic departments fully.Using the index of water input coefficient and total water input coefficient of industrial departments,this paper analyzes the characteristics of regional industry water utilization and taking the index of sewage discharge coefficient and total sewage discharge coefficient of industrial departments,the paper studies the effect of sewage discharge of regional industrial departments.Comprehensively analyzing the effect of water use and sewage discharge,the paper probes into the impact of industrial department products trade on regional water resources. Taking the city of Beijing as an example,the thesis has calculated the coefficients of water input and sewage discharge of every industrial department of Beijing in 1997.According to the result,we find,on the one hand,that some industrial departments such as agricultural and chemical,in which the coefficients of water use and sewage discharge were higher,the water use was inefficient,and the import volume of products trade in Beijing was relatively larger;on the other hand,the coefficients of water input and sewage discharge of other industries such as goods posting,electronics,service,etc,are much lower,their water use was more efficient,and their export volume of products trade was larger. Studies reveal that Beijing exported 1 499 420 000m3 of water with products trade,imported 3 040 010 000m3 of water,which resulted a net import of 1 540 590 000m3 of water;with products trade,Beijing exported 793 000 000m3 of sewage,imported 415 060 000m3 of sewage,which resulted in a sewage shift of 377 940 000m3.This indicated that Beijing's products trade in 1997 served as an effective means to alleviate the urgent water shortage situation. Finally,directed at more severe water resource situation in the future of Beijing,the thesis proposes that Beijing should consolidate and develop undertakings such as goods posting,elect-ronics,service industries,etc.,which belong to high efficient water use,trade and try to compress the industries in which water use is less efficient such as agriculture,food,electricity,textile,chem-istry,catering trade,papermaking,etc.,so as to mitigate water pressure by importing commodities promote water saving awareness,improve water use efficiency,establish water-saving industrial structure matching the characteristics of water resource of Beijing.