啤酒的生命周期评价

本文在啤酒酿造阶段基础上,将原料种植及麦芽制备引入研究范围,利用Gabi5.0软件对啤酒进行从摇篮到大门的生命周期评价.各阶段考虑温室效应、酸化、富营养化、非生物资源消耗、人体潜在毒性、光化学毒性6种环境影响类型.结果表明,温室效应是啤酒生产对环境影响的主要类型,占总环境影响潜值43.75%,环境影响由强至弱分别为温室效应、富营养化、酸化、人体潜在毒性、光化学毒性和非生物资源消耗.灌装阶段是造成环境影响的主要阶段,占总环境影响潜值39.77%,种植阶段次之.其中灌装阶段的温室效应、非生物资源消耗、人体潜在毒性和光化学毒性影响潜值为啤酒生产各阶段最高值,种植阶段的富营养化、酸化影响潜值在各阶段最高.对灌装阶段采用传输管道改进,空压机热能回收、蒸汽二次利用等清洁生产方案降低能源消耗和环境影响,方案实施后蒸气和电能消耗分别减少247.66 MJ和4.46 k Wh,温室效应影响潜值减少19.18%,具有一定的环境效益和经济效益.

Life cycle assessment of beer production

A cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted on beer production by introducing the raw material planting and malting into the research system boundaries based on the brewing stage with the application of Gabi 5.0 software. Global Warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADP), Human Toxicity Potential (HTP) and Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (POCP) are analyzed as the environmental impact factors in the life cycle of beer production. The results indicate that the GWP is the main environmental impact in the beer production, which accounts for 43.75% of the total environmental impact potential. Regarding the extent of environmental impacts, these factors tank as GWP, EP, AP, HTP, POCP and ADP. Across all the stages considered, the bottle filling stage shows the dominant influence on the environment with the contribution of 39.77% of the total environmental impact potential, and is followed by the raw material planting stage. The highest GWP, ADP, HTP and POCP values are recorded in the bottle filling stage, whereas the raw material planting stage has the highest EP and AP values. Cleaner production (CP) schemes are implemented to reduce the energy consumption and environmental impacts, including improving the transportation pipe of the bottle filling stage, heat recovery by using air compressors and steam reutilization. After the implementation of the CP schemes, the steam and electricity consumption is reduced by 247.66 MJ and 4.46 kWh, respectively, and the GWP in the bottle filling stage decreases by 19.18%, showing considerable environmental and economic benefits.