新兴污染物对微藻的毒性作用与机制研究进展

随着科技的发展,监测手段不断进步,新兴污染物普遍存在于环境中的问题及其可能带来的危害近年来才开始受到重视和研究。微藻作为初级生产者,对维持生态系统的稳定和平衡起到了至关重要的作用。本文综述了包括全氟化合物、多环芳烃、药品及个人护理品、纳米材料、微塑料和稀土元素在内的新兴污染物对微藻毒性作用及机制的研究进展。重点针对微藻的种间关系、生长和形态、对污染物的吸收和代谢、氧化应激反应、光合作用及基因表达等方面进行了总结,分析了新兴污染物作用下微藻的响应规律,归纳了新型污染物作用于微藻的毒性影响与可能机制。最后思考了其中可能存在的问题,提出了几点建议和展望。

Research Progress on the Toxic Effects of Emerging Pollutants on Microalgae and the Mechanisms

With the continuous development of monitoring methods during the advancement of science and technology, the problems of emerging pollutants in the environment and their possible risks to human health began to receive more attention and investigation in recent years. As primary producers on the earth, microalgae play a critical role in maintaining the stability and balance of the ecosystem. This paper describes and summarizes the research progress on the toxicity of six types of emerging pollutants (perfluorinated compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pharmaceutical and personal care products, nanomaterials, microplastics, and rare earth elements) on microalgae and the mechanisms, focusing on the growth, interspecific relationships, oxidative stress response, photosynthesis, and gene expression. The remaining problems are discussed, and some suggestions and prospects are proposed in the end.