长江中下游湿地保护与流域生态管理

湿地是地球上具有多功能的、独特的生态系统，是人类最重要的生存环境之一。长江中下游湿地保护必须从流域管理角度进行规划和保护，应由过去主要是单块湿地保护向按流域系统保护的转变。具体可采取以下措施：在流域内建立统一协调机制，对流域湿地进行保护与合理利用，合理布局，统一规划；按湖泊流域和物种分布整合现有保护区，建立新的湿地保护区，解决目前管理上的制约问题；大力开展湿地修复重建；推进退耕还林、长江防护林等工程建设，发挥森林治理水土流失、涵养水源的作用；在保护的前提下科学合理地利用长江中下游湿地资源，开拓新的生产力；同时加强湿地科学研究。

WETLAND PROTECTION AND BASIN MANAGEMENT IN THE MIDDLE AND LOWER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

Wetland is a unique ecosystem that has multi-function in the world, and is one of the most important living environments for human beings. Wetland protection in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River should be considered from the viewpoint of basin management, that is to transform from protection of a single wetland in the past to protection of wetlands in basin area as a whole. Some particular measures to be taken are as the followings: (1) to establish a uniform harmony mechanism in the river basin in order to have a general plan for wetland protection and utilization; (2) to combine the existing protection districts according to lake drainage area and species distribution, and to construct new wetland protection region in order to solve problems in management districts; (3) to develop wetland restoration and reconstruction; (4) to carry out reforesting in formerly cultivated land and to construct shelter forest of the Yangtze River in order to control soil erosion and to preserve the water resource; (5) to protect and utilize reasonably the wetland resources in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; (6) to strengthen the research of wetland science.