Examining the effects of alternative management strategies on landscape-scale forest patterns in northeastern Minnesota using LANDIS |
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| Institution: | 1. Conservation Biology Program, University of Minnesota, 115 Green Hall, 1530 Cleveland Avenue N., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA;2. University of Minnesota Natural Resources Research Institute, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811, USA;3. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 500 Lafayette Road, St. Paul, MN 55155, USA;1. Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science University of Alexandria, Egypt;2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy;3. Centro EuroMediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici, Bologna, Italy;4. CMRE, Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation, La Spezia, Italy;1. College of Forestry, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, PR China;2. Forest Products Development Center, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA;3. Key Labratry of Bio-based Material Science and Technolgy of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China;4. College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China;5. Southern Forest Nursery Management Cooperative, Forest Health Dynamics Laboratory, School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn University, AL, 36849, USA;1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medical Microbiology, The Montreal Children''s Hospital, McGill University, E05-1954 – 1001 Decarie Blvd, Montreal (QC) H4A 3J1, Canada;2. Department of Pediatrics, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke (QC) J1H 5N4, Canada;3. Division des risques biologiques et de la santé au travail – Institut national de santé publique du Québec, 190 Crémazie Blvd E., Montreal (QC) H2P 1E2, Canada;4. Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health – McGill University, 1020 Pine Avenue W, Montreal (QC) H3A 1A2, Canada;5. MUHC Vaccine Study Centre, 14770 Pierrefonds Blvd, Suite 204, Montreal (QC) H9H 4Y6, Canada;1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0503, USA;2. Siberian Physical-Technical Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia;1. College of Plant Sciences, Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarimu University, Alar, Xinjiang, People''s Republic of China;2. State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, People''s Republic of China |
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| Abstract: | Spatial modeling of forest patterns can provide information on the potential impact of various management strategies on large landscapes over long time frames. We used LANDIS, a stochastic, spatially-explicit, ecological landscape model to simulate 120 years of forest change on the Nashwauk Uplands, a 328,000 ha landscape in northeastern Minnesota that lies in the transition between boreal and temperate forests. We ran several forest management scenarios including current harvesting practices, no harvests, varied rotation ages, varied clearcut sizes, clustered clearcuts, and landowner coordination. We examined the effects of each scenario on spatial patterns of forests by covertype, age class, and mean and distribution of patch sizes. All scenarios reveal an increase in the spruce-fir (Picea-Abies) covertype relative to the economically paramount aspen-birch (Populus-Betula) covertype. Our results also show that most covertypes occur in mostly small patches <5 ha in size and the ability of management to affect patch size is limited by the highly varied physiography and landuse patterns on the landscape. However, coordination among landowners, larger clearcuts, and clustered clearcuts were all predicted to increase habitat diversity by creating some larger patches and older forest patches. These three scenarios along with the no harvest scenario also create more old forest than current harvesting practices, by concentrating harvesting on some portion of the landscape. The no harvest scenario retained large, fire-regenerated aspen-birch patches. Harvests fragment large aspen-birch patches by changing the age structure and releasing the shade-tolerant understory species. More sapling forest, and larger sapling patches resulted from the shortened rotation scenario. |
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