三江平原挠力河流域湿地生态特征变化研究

经过近半个世纪的垦荒,挠力河流域湿地生态特征发生了明显的改变,大量湿地被垦殖,湿地面积逐年减少;湿地资源的破坏,造成环境污染严重,土壤有机质含量大大降低;土地沙化、盐碱化面积不断扩大;灾害性气候发生频率增加;动植物等多样性资源急剧减少。挠力河流域作为“北大荒”的重要组成部分,生态环境的剧烈变化也就很具有代表性了。伴随着新千年“北大荒”停止一切垦殖湿地、草地和林地的措施出台,挠力河流域也迎来了退耕还林、还牧、还湿的调整时期。

An analysis on ecological character changes of wetlands of Naolihe Drainage Basin in the Sanjiang Plain

With over half century reclamation,great changes have taken place in ecological features of wetlands in Naolihe Drainage Basin.The paper analyses the main changes,including change in wetlands,change in water condition and water quality,all related to non sustainable exploitation of wetlands.Reclaiming and destorying wetland resources has led to a series of ecological problems,such as serious soil erosion,increase in local desertification area and water erosion,only the emphasis on use without measures of protection,the divorce between reclamation and construction,resultins in decline of soil fertilities to different degrees and the intensification of environmental pollution as well as biodiversity decreasing.Naolihe Drainage Basin is an important part of Sanjiang Plain,wetland changes will seriously affect the sustainable development of Sanjiang Plain.So,as the new policy comes with the advent of the new century,Naolihe Drainage Basin will get the best period of regulation.