垃圾焚烧飞灰浓度对黑曲霉生长及重金属生物淋滤效果的影响

采用黑曲霉生物淋滤飞灰中的重金属,探讨了不同飞灰浓度对菌体生长、pH值、产生的有机酸种类及金属溶出效果的影响,并比较了生物淋滤处理前后飞灰的浸出毒性.结果表明,黑曲霉在代谢生长过程中产出的有机酸使pH值下降,将重金属从固相的飞灰中溶出.呈碱性并含有毒重金属的飞灰使黑曲霉的生长出现了延迟期.当飞灰质量浓度为20 g/L时,菌体生长量在192 h达到最大值(28.61 g/L),淋滤结束后的最低pH值为3.85,重金属溶出效果最佳.其中,Cd的溶出率达93.06%,Mn、Pb和Zn的溶出率均在70%左右,Fe、Cr和Cu的溶出率分别为22%、33%和47%.经生物淋滤后的飞灰中7种重金属浸出浓度远低于国家控制标准.

Influence of fly ash concentrations on the growth of Aspergillus niger and the bioleaching efficiency of heavy metals

The bioleaching of municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash for metals extraction by Aspergillus niger was investigated. The influence of fly ash concentrations on the biomass concentration, the pH of suspension, the kinds of bio-produced organic acids and the metals extraction yield during the bioleaching process were studied and the leaching toxicities of fly ash before and after bioleaching were compared. The results showed that the decrease of pH was due to generated organic acids by Aspergillus niger during bioleaching, which resulted in the metals extraction from the fly ash. The alkaline and the heavy metals toxicities of fly ash inhibited the Aspergillus niger growth, which was shown as the "lag phase". When fly ash concentration was 20 g/L, the maximum biomass was 28.61 g/L (after bioleaching 192 h), and the minimum pH was 3.85 (after finished bioleaching). The bioleaching efficiency was the highest (i.e., 93.06% for Cd, around 70% for Mn, Pb and Zn, 22%, 33% and 47% for Fe, Cr and Cu, respectively). The TCLP results of the fly ash after bioleaching indicated that the leaching toxicities of the treated fly ash were far lower than the regulated levels of China.