有限空间作业中毒窒息事故的预防

中毒窒息事故是有限空间危险作业的常发事故之一,多发生在封闭或半封闭设备,地上有限空间和地下有限空间,施害物主要为硫化氢、一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氨和甲烷(沼气)等。在我国,随着经济的迅猛发展,一大批农民转变成产业工人,由于新工人群体的总体文化素质低,自身的安全意识、安全知识和安全技能的缺乏,一些管理者对中毒窒息危险危害认识始终存在盲区,导致同类职业中毒事故悲剧不断重演,使农民工、临时工或新工人成为中毒窒息事故的主要受害对象。为有效防止类似事故再次发生,笔者结合几起中毒窒息典型案例,阐述发生中毒窒息的5点原因以及从中汲取的2个教训,即必须按照规章作业和施救必须以自身安全为前提,总结中毒窒息场所安全作业要求,提出了一系列的防范措施。

Prevention of Asphyxiation and Poisoning Accidents When Working in Confined Space

Asphyxiation and poisoning are frequendy occurred accidents when woorking in conined space usually happened in closed or sinai-closed equipent, confined on the ground or underground with hazardous gases such as HzS, CO, CO2, NH3 and CH4. As economy boosts in China, huge number of peasants becomes workers, they are not well educated, and lack of safety awareness, safety knowledge and necessary safety techniques. At the same time, the managers usually ignore the harmfulness of these hazards causing the asphyxiation and poisoning accidents repetitively happen. Five causes and two lessons have summarized from the typical accident cases already occurred. They are to strictly obey the rules and regulations and to take self- protection during rescue as the prerequisite. Safety regulations for the work in confined space are reinforced, and preventive meaasures are formulated.