控制消毒副产物及前体物的优化工艺组合

为实现对消毒副产物的控制,比较了新开发的顺序氯化消毒工艺与传统氯消毒工艺在常规工艺、常规+深度处理工艺、预氧化+常规+深度处理工艺中对消毒副产物及其前体物的去除特性.与传统的氯消毒相比,顺序氯化消毒工艺可以有效减少消毒副产物的生成量,THMs减少35.8%～77·0%,HAAs减少36·6%～54·8%;而且消毒进水水质越差,短时游离氯后转氯胺的消毒工艺就越有优势.对最简单的传统工艺进行顺序氯化消毒产生THMs和HAAs为18·51μg/L和19·25μg/L,低于采用最复杂工艺:预臭氧氧化+常规+臭氧-活性炭工艺进行传统氯消毒的副产物生成量(THMs19·40μg/L,HAAs24·70μg/L).对消毒副产物前体物去除和副产物控制有明显效果的前处理工艺是臭氧-活性炭工艺和预臭氧氧化.建议采用传统工艺的水厂改造时优先考虑顺序氯化消毒工艺和臭氧-活性炭工艺.

Optimal Process Combination for Control of Disinfection By-Products and Precursors

It is compared that the efficiency of control disinfection by-products and their precursors by sequential-chlorination disinfection and traditional free chlorination disinfection following different processes combination. Compared with traditional chlorination, sequeutial chlorination, i. e. short-term free chlorine plus chloramine disinfection can lower 35.8% - 77.0% of trihalomethane formation and 36.6% - 54.8% of haloacetic acids formation. Moreover, the poorer the influent quality is, the more advantages sequential chlorination disinfection have over free chlorination disinfection. The formation of trihalomethane and haloacetic acids by sequential chlorination following the simplest traditional process is even less than their formation by free chlorination following the most complex process, pre-ozonization plus traditional one and ozonization-active carbon process. The results show that ozonization-active carbon process and pre-ozonization have better efficiency on control of disinfection by-products and their precursors. We recommend that water plants apply the sequential chlorination disinfection and ozonization-active carbon process.