活性氮增加:一个威胁环境的问题

活性氮增加是当前全球变化的重要现象之一,已经对全球氮素循环产生了严重的影响。人类活动,如燃料燃烧、氮肥生产、固氮植物的培育和畜牧业的集约经营等是引起全球活性氮增加的主要原因。活性氮增加正在引起大气污染、N2O等温室气体增加、森林退化、土壤和淡水酸化、海水富营养化、陆地和水体生态系统物种组成变化和生物多样性减少等诸多环境问题。该文综述了活性氮及其对环境的影响,主要包括:⑴活性氮的来源;⑵活性氮生产的历史与现状;⑶活性氮对大气、水体、森林、土壤等多种生态系统的影响等,并提出了减少活性氮产量和降低其环境危害的一些思路。

Reactive nitrogen increasing: A threat to our environment

Being one of the important issues of global change,elevated reactive nitrogen has been increasingly concerned worldwide.Human activities such as fossil fuel combustion,nitrogen fertilizer production and cultivation of nitrogen fixing crops are the main sources of reactive N.The elevation of reactive N is causing air pollution,increase of potent greenhouse gas N2O concentration,for-est degradation,soils and water acidification,etc.In this paper,based on available scientific knowledge we reviewed the elevation of reactive nitrogen and its effect on the environment.The review mainly includes the following three aspects: 1) the source of the reac-tive nitrogen;2) the past and present production of reactive nitrogen;3) the effects of reactive nitrogen on atmospheric environment and on various ecosystems(such as water,forest,soil,etc).In addition,the possible management measures for reducing reactive nitrogen production and its effect on environment are also proposed in this paper.