北京密云水库生态经济系统特征、资产基础及功能效益评估

论文在分析了密云水库生态经济系统特征的基础上,运用经济学理论和能值理论对密云水库生态经济系统的主要资产及其服务功能的价值进行了综合评估,结果表明,密云水库主要资产的宏观经济价值高达472×10⁸元,1960-2004年期间,密云水库防洪、灌溉、供水、发电、旅游和养鱼等主要功能的价值高达260×10⁸元。近年来,由于北京水资源短缺,密云水体生态经济系统的产出模式发生了变化,生产方式和产出模式主要表现为为北京提供饮用水、旅游和养鱼,停止了发电、灌溉,对养鱼、旅游等功能进行了宏观调控,取消了网箱养鱼,限制了旅游范围。2005年密云水库每年生态旅游、供水和提供鲜活水产品三项的宏观经济价值约为3.68×10⁸元/年,其中每年提供饮用水的宏观经济价值相当于2.51×10⁸元/年。若按2%的折旧率对密云水库主要资产进行折旧补偿,每年的补偿资金约为9.4×10⁸元;若对提供北京市场的水源价值按能值成本进行补偿,每年约需要2.5×10⁸元,两项约为12×10⁸元。为此提出如下建议:①组织有关部门的专家对密云水库集水区15788km²的面积进行综合考察研究,制定全面的生态经济综合发展规划,确立今后一段时间内的重大生态经济综合治理工程;②近期宜在密云水库及周边地区采用多种生态经济模式进行综合治理;③对跨北京的密云水库上游地区,要建立补偿机制,促进上游地区的生态经济良性循环;④加强五大区域的水源保护林建设。

The Valuation and Compensation Policies Suggestions of Main Capitals and Services of Miyun Reservoir

Miyun Reservoir is a huge engineering with various functions of flood control,irrigation,water supply,electricity generation,tourism,etc.Miyun Reservoir plays key roles in sustaining the biosphere including economy and society of Beijing,it is very important to valuate the main capitals and services of Miyun Reservoir for decision-making.A donor system of value based on solar emergy and ecological economics are suggested as the means to valuate the main capitals and services of Miyun Reservoir.The results showed that the values of main capitals are RMB 472×10⁸yuan,the total values of main services from 1960 to 2004 are 236×10⁸yuan.Recently,the value of services of tourism,water supply and fishery products were 2.56×10⁸yuan/yr.In order to sustain the function of Miyun Reservoir and provide a basis for the sustainable development of Beijing,this paper suggests compensation funding should be 12×10⁸yuan/yr for the operation,conservation and development of Miyun Reservoir and its watershed area.