中国FDI区位选择的时空格局演进及影响因素分析

随着中国改革开放的深化和经济全球化的加剧，以全球经济首要“推动者与塑造者”的跨国公司为主体的外商直接投资（FDI）成为中国经济增长和区域发展不平衡的重要催化剂。引入空间自相关和空间自回归模型，用面板数据研究了1995～2009年中国FDI时空集聚特征及其动因。结果表明：各省份实际利用FDI的过程存在较强的空间自相关性，且相关性日渐增强。从总量上来看，仍主要集中在上海、广东、江苏等东部沿海经济发达地区，但是从增速来看，呈现向沿江的重庆、四川等投资条件相对较好的中西部内陆省份转移的趋势。从局部上看，呈现由外资集聚程度较高的省份向周边相邻省份扩散的趋势。空间滞后回归模型也进一步印证了空间依赖性对FDI区位选择的重要影响

SPATIAL PATTERN EVOLUTION AND INFLUENCE FACTORS OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT LOCATION IN CHINA

Along with the deepening of the policy of reform and opening-up and the intensification of economic globalization,the foreign direct investment(FDI) mainly from transnational companies(the principal driving force for the global economy) has given rise to the imbalanced economic increase and regional development of China.In this article,the authors studied the spatial characteristics and the driving force of the FDI location by analyzing the panel data of the FDI for 31 provinces during 1995~2009 with the models of spatial autocorrelation and spatial autoregression.From our results,the FDI for each province exhibits the characteristics of spatial autocorrelation,which becomes stronger with time.In general,the FDI is mainly distributed in economic-developed eastern coastlands such as Shanghai,Guangdong and Jiangsu provinces,etc.Nevertheless,the FDI increase rate is biased to the inland provinces with relatively good investment environment in the middle and western parts of China.From the local angle,the FDI tend to scatter from the FDI-concentrated provinces to their ambient ones.The spatial lag regression model also indicates that the spatial dependence is important to the distribution of the FDI.The conventional factors such as locations,policies,etc.account part of the reason for distribution of the FDI,yet with the influences decreasing with time,while the agglomeration economy,the extent of marketization,etc.display gradually increasing importance.