鄱阳湖流域生态修复的理论、方法及其应用

在鄱阳湖流域生态修复中，坚持“保护优先，自然恢复为主，人工修复遵循客观规律”的修复方法：（1）对具有典型意义的生态系统，划定保护区，加强管理，保护濒危物种，增加生物多样性；（2）对中、轻度损害的生态系统，实行封育保护，减轻负荷压力，利用生态系统自组织功能，自然恢复为主；（3）对于严重损害的生态系统，遵循生态系统生长发育的自然规律，采取人工措施修复或重建。科学选择了修复策略：（1）以修复植被生态系统为基础和前提，创造条件，利用生态系统的自组织、自修复能力逐步实现微生物、动物的恢复；（2）把生态修复与发展生态经济结合起来，增加群众收入，提高参与生态修复的主动性和积极性。经过20多年的生态修复，鄱阳湖流域森林覆盖率由311%提高到5832%；同时探索出一条可行的技术路线：（1）通过综合科学考察，掌握生态系统受损害的状况和原因，揭示相关生态系统发育、演替的客观规律；（2）着力研究生态恢复的生态学过程与机制，寻求有效的修复方法、措施和模式；（3）自主创新、试验示范、试点先行、样板引领；（4）以生态保护和建设的大项目为载体，全面展开、系统推进

THEORY,METHOD AND ITS APPLICATION ON THE ECOLOGICAL REHABILITATION IN THE POYANG LAKE BASIN

The principles to give priority for ecosystem protection and natural repair and to repair artificially based on the objective rules are insisted on.The method is as follows.(1) The nature reserve districts are set up in order to enhance management,protect endangered species and increase biodiversity for typical meaning ecosystem.(2) Utilizing self-organized function,the ecosystem is repaired naturally by relieving pressure load for middle and light injured ecosystem.(3) The artificial measures are used to repair or rebuild serious injured ecosystem by comprehensive administration for small basins of the ecosystem harmed seriously.The strategies are selected scientifically as followsl.(1) The vegetation community system is repaired at first,and then the animal and other ecosystems are recovered step by step by creating conditions to utilize the capacity of self-recover and self-succession of ecological system.(2) The ecological rehabilitation is combined with the development of ecological economy to increase revenue and encourage enthusiasm to participate.The percentage of forest cover in Poyang Lake Basin increase from 31.3% to 58.32% by the ecological rehabilitation after twenty years efforts.The feasible technical route is explored as follows.(1) The status and reasons of ecological system injured are found,and impersonality rules including growth and succession of various kinds of ecosystems are discovered by comprehensive scientific investigation.(2) The effective rehabilitating measures,methods and patterns are found by studying process and mechanism of bionomics of the ecological rehabilitation.(3) The science experiment bases are set up firstly as the samples to popularize.(4) The great projects of ecological rehabilitation are pushed systematically.