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Ecosystem responses to reduced and oxidised nitrogen inputs in European terrestrial habitats |
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| Authors: | Stevens Carly J Manning Pete van den Berg Leon J L de Graaf Maaike C C Wamelink G W Wieger Boxman Andries W Bleeker Albert Vergeer Philippine Arroniz-Crespo Maria Limpens Juul Lamers Leon P M Bobbink Roland Dorland Edu |
| Affiliation: | a Department of Life Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK b Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK c School of Agriculture Food and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear NE1 7RU, UK d Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK e Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, Nijmegen NL-6500 GL, The Netherlands f University of Applied Sciences, HAS Den Bosch, P.O. BOX 90108, 5200 MA’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands g Alterra, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands h Energy Research Center of the Netherlands, Petten, NH, 1755 ZG, The Netherlands i Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain j Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University, Bornsesteeg 69, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands k B-Ware Research Centre, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands l Staatsbosbeheer, P.O. Box 1300, 3970 BH Driebergen, The Netherlands m KWR Watercycle Research Institute, P.O. Box 1072, 3430 BB Nieuwegein, The Netherlands |
| Abstract: | While it is well established that ecosystems display strong responses to elevated nitrogen deposition, the importance of the ratio between the dominant forms of deposited nitrogen (NHx and NOy) in determining ecosystem response is poorly understood. As large changes in the ratio of oxidised and reduced nitrogen inputs are occurring, this oversight requires attention. One reason for this knowledge gap is that plants experience a different NHx:NOy ratio in soil to that seen in atmospheric deposits because atmospheric inputs are modified by soil transformations, mediated by soil pH. Consequently species of neutral and alkaline habitats are less likely to encounter high NH4+ concentrations than species from acid soils. We suggest that the response of vascular plant species to changing ratios of NHx:NOy deposits will be driven primarily by a combination of soil pH and nitrification rates. Testing this hypothesis requires a combination of experimental and survey work in a range of systems. |
| Keywords: | Ammonium toxicity Atmospheric nitrogen deposition NHx:NOy ratio Mitigation Nitrogen cycling Nitrification Plant communities Soil acidification |
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