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Monitoring plastic ingestion by the northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis in the North Sea |
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| Authors: | van Franeker Jan A Blaize Christine Danielsen Johannis Fairclough Keith Gollan Jane Guse Nils Hansen Poul-Lindhard Heubeck Martin Jensen Jens-Kjeld Le Guillou Gilles Olsen Bergur Olsen Kåre-Olav Pedersen John Stienen Eric W M Turner Daniel M |
| Affiliation: | a IMARES Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies, Wageningen-UR, PO Box 167, 1790AD Den Burg (Texel), The Netherlands b Le CHENE, Centre de Sauvegarde de la Faune Sauvage et Musée de la Nature, 12 Rue du Musée, F-76190 Allouville-Bellefosse, France c Norðuri í Sundum 7, FO-410 Kollafjørður, Faroe Islands d Fairclough Ecological Orkney FEO Viewforth, Swannay by Evie, Orkney, KW17 2NR, Scotland, UK e Kermouroux, FR-56 470 Saint Philibert, France f Research and Technology Centre West coast FTZ, University of Kiel, Hafentörn 1, D-25761 Büsum, Germany g Naturhistorisk Museum Skagen, Skagen Naturcenter, Flagbakkevej 30, DK-9990 Skagen, Denmark h University of Aberdeen (SOTEAG), Sumburgh Head Lighthouse, Virkie, Shetland ZE3 9JN, Scotland, UK i Zoological conservator, Í Geilini 37, FO-270 Nólsoy, Faroe Islands j Groupe Ornithologique Normand, 118 route d’ORCHER, F-76700 Gonfreville l’Orcher, France k Faroe Marine Research Institute c/o Náttúrugripasavnið, Fútalág 40, FO-100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands l Postveien 43, N-4563 Borhaug, Norway m Skagen Uddannelsescenter SUC, Vestmolen 15, DK-9990 Skagen, Denmark n Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Kliniekstraat 25, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium o 9 Haswell Gardens, North Shields, Tyne and Wear, NE30 2DP, England, UK |
| Abstract: | The abundance of plastics in stomachs of northern fulmars from the North Sea is used in the OSPAR Ecological Quality Objective (EcoQO) for marine litter. The preliminary EcoQO defines acceptable ecological quality as the situation where no more than 10% of fulmars exceed a critical level of 0.1 g of plastic in the stomach. During 2003-2007, 95% of 1295 fulmars sampled in the North Sea had plastic in the stomach (on average 35 pieces weighing 0.31 g) and the critical level of 0.1 g of plastic was exceeded by 58% of birds, with regional variations ranging from 48 to 78%. Long term data for the Netherlands since the 1980s show a decrease of industrial, but an increase of user plastics, with shipping and fisheries as the main sources. The EcoQO is now also used as an indicator for Good Environmental Status in the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive. |
| Keywords: | Fulmarus glacialis Plastic ingestion Marine debris Environmental monitoring OSPAR EcoQO MSFD-GES |
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