|
|||||
|
|
The performance of passive flow monitors and phosphate accumulating passive samplers when exposed to pulses in external water flow rate and/or external phosphate concentrations |
|
| Authors: | O'Brien Dominique Hawker Darryl Shaw Melanie Mueller Jochen F |
| Institution: | a The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd. Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia b School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia c Environment and Resource Sciences, Department of Environment and Resource Management, Australia d The University of Queensland, National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology (Entox), 39 Kessels Rd, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia |
| Abstract: | Passive samplers are typically calibrated under constant flow and concentration conditions. This study assessed whether concentration and/or flow pulses could be integrated using a phosphate passive sampler (P-sampler). Assessment involved three 21-day experiments featuring a pulse in flow rate, a pulse of filterable reactive phosphate (FRP) concentration and a simultaneous concentration and flow pulse. FRP concentrations were also determined by parallel grab sampling and the P-sampler calibrated with passive flow monitors (PFMs) and direct measurement of flow rates. The mass lost from the PFM over the deployment periods predicted water velocity to within 5.1, 0.48 and 7.1% when exposed to a flow rate pulse (7.5-50 cm s−1), concentration pulse (5-100 μg P L−1), or both simultaneously. For the P-sampler, good agreement was observed between the grab and passive measurements of FRP concentration when exposed to a pulse in flow (6% overestimation) or concentration (2% underestimation). |
| Keywords: | Passive sampling Flow rate pulse Concentration pulse Simulated flood |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect PubMed 等数据库收录！ | |