Metabolic responses of Eisenia fetida after sub-lethal exposure to organic contaminants with different toxic modes of action |
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Authors: | McKelvie Jennifer R Wolfe David M Celejewski Magda A Alaee Mehran Simpson André J Simpson Myrna J |
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Institution: | a Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada b Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Rd., P.O. Box 5050, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada |
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Abstract: | Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) - based metabolomics has the potential to identify toxic responses of contaminants within a mixture in contaminated soil. This study evaluated the metabolic response of Eisenia fetida after exposure to an array of organic compounds to determine whether contaminant-specific responses could be identified. The compounds investigated in contact tests included: two pesticides (carbaryl and chlorpyrifos), three pharmaceuticals (carbamazephine, estrone and caffeine), two persistent organohalogens (Aroclor 1254 and PBDE 209) and two industrial compounds (nonylphenol and dimethyl phthalate). Control and contaminant-exposed metabolic profiles were distinguished using principal component analysis and potential contaminant-specific biomarkers of exposure were found for several contaminants. These results suggest that NMR-based metabolomics offers considerable promise for differentiating between the different toxic modes of action (MOA) associated with sub-lethal toxicity to earthworms. |
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Keywords: | Carbaryl Chlorpyrifos Carbamazephine Estrone Caffeine Aroclor 1254 Polybrominated diphenylether 209 Nonylphenol and dimethyl phthalate LC50 |
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