乡镇尺度大娄山区生态系统服务价值时空变化研究

乡镇尺度生态系统服务价值(Ecosystem Service Value，ESV)核算对于制定乡镇差异化发展调控政策具有重要参考价值.以大娄山区水源涵养与生物多样性保护功能区(简称“大娄山区”)为研究对象，基于2000年和2018年2期土地利用数据，通过单位面积价值当量核算、地貌、地表粗糙度、空间统计等方法，研究了乡镇域ESV，并分析其地形效应和空间关联特征.结果表明:①2000—2018年大娄山区ESV整体呈稳定且微弱增长趋势，由1 891.44×108元增至1 895.73×108元；有28个乡镇ESV呈下降趋势，其中22个分布在贵州省.②在大娄山区4种地貌类型中，以缓坡区域的ESV最高(2018年)，为811.69×108元；而区域单位面积ESV由高到低依次为峡谷底(0.21×108元/km2) >山脊(0.07×108元/km2) >缓坡(0.06×108元/km2) >陡坡(0.01×108元/km2).③2000年和2018年大娄山区ESV全局Moran's I值分别为0.111和0.109，且P值均小于0.05，表明研究区有显著的空间自相关性和空间聚集效应.2000—2018年，乡镇尺度ESV变化主要有5个空间热点聚集区和2个冷点聚集区.研究显示，建议对大娄山区28个ESV下降的乡镇、ESV冷点聚集区所涉及的乡镇、Ⅲ级地表粗糙度和缓坡重叠区域应优先开展“三生”空间优化. 

Spatiotemporal Changes of Ecosystem Service Value in Dalou Mountain Area at Township Scale

Ecosystem service value accounting on a township scale has important reference value for formulating policies for differentiated development of townships. Taking the important areas of water conservation and biodiversity protection in the Dalou Mountain area as the research object, based on the land use data in 2000 and 2018, using the evaluation method, landform, surface roughness and spatial statistical analysis method, the ecosystem service value of the township area was studied, and the topographic effect and its spatial correlation characteristics were analyzed. The results show: (1) From 2000 to 2018, the overall ecosystem service value of the Dalou Mountain area showed a steady and weak growth trend. The comprehensive value increased from 1891.44×108 RMB to 1895.73×108 RMB; the ecosystem service value of 28 towns showed a downward trend, of which 22 located in Guizhou Province. (2) Among the four types of landforms in the Dalou Mountain area, the ecosystem service value of the gentle slope area was the highest (2018), which is 811.69×108 RMB; the value of regional ecosystem services per unit area in descending order was: canyon bottom (0.21×108 RMB/km2) > ridge (0.07×108 RMB/km2) > gentle slope (0.06×108 RMB/km2) > steep slope (0.01×108 RMB/km2). (3) In 2000 and 2018, the global Moran's I value of the Dalou Mountain area of the ecosystem service value was 0.111 and 0.109, and the P value was less than 0.05, indicating that the value of ecosystem services in the township area had significant spatial autocorrelation and spatial aggregation effects. At the same time, changes in the value of ecosystem services at the township scale were mainly distributed in 5 hot spots and 2 cold spots. It is recommended to give priority to the 28 villages and towns with declining ecosystem service value, the towns in the ecosystem service value cold spot clustering area, and the overlapping areas of level Ⅲ surface roughness and gentle slopes in the Dalou Mountain area to optimize the ecological-production-living spaces.