基于含VOCs原辅材料和产污环节实测的印刷行业VOCs排放特征分析

为掌握印刷行业VOCs(挥发性有机化合物)污染特征，进一步科学合理地推进印刷行业VOCs减排，利用“气袋法采样+实验室FID检测”以及便携式非甲烷总烃测试仪对京津冀地区25家典型印刷企业VOCs排放情况进行检测.基于21类含VOCs原辅材料的VOCs含量及时应使用环节废气VOCs浓度的监测结果，得出不同类型原辅材料VOCs含量水平，以及产污环节的VOCs废气浓度水平.结果表明:①油墨VOCs含量范围为0.05%~76.9%，胶印油墨、凹印油墨、柔印油墨和网印油墨符合GB 38507—2020《油墨中可挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)含量的限值》中含量限值的样品数分别占抽检样品总数的98.3%、85.7%、66.7%和100.0%，VOCs含量水平差别较大.②润版液、清洗剂、胶粘剂、光油等原辅材料VOCs含量水平分别为0.4%~45.0%、3.0%~98.7%、0.1%~60.0%、0.1%~50.0%，其中溶剂型样品VOCs含量明显高于水性、UV样品.③从生产过程VOCs产污水平来看，同类工艺的烘干环节VOCs产污浓度普遍高于印刷、清洗、润版等环节；采用溶剂型油墨、胶粘剂、光油的生产工艺VOCs产污浓度(100.0~5 000.0 mg/m3)明显高于其他工艺类型(10.0~500.0 mg/m3)；VOCs产污浓度最高的为采用溶剂型油墨的凹版印刷工艺(300.0~5 000.0 mg/m3)，其次为采用溶剂型胶粘剂的干式复合工艺(300.0~1 000.0 mg/m3)和采用溶剂型光油的上光工艺(200.0~1 000.0 mg/m3).研究显示，平版胶印、柔印、丝印、复合、上光等工艺均可通过源头替代达到较低的VOCs产污浓度水平(≤50.0 mg/m3)，但凹印工艺在采用水性墨替代后VOCs产污浓度水平为50.0~500.0 mg/m3，仍需采取高效的末端处理措施. 

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emission Characteristics in Printing Industry Based on Actual Measurement of VOCs Raw Materials and Pollution Process

In order to grasp the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollution in the printing industry, and further scientifically and rationally promote the reduction of VOCs in the printing industry, bags method-flame ionization detection and portable non-methane total hydrocarbon tester were used to test the VOCs emissions of 25 typical printing companies in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. Based on the results of the analysis of the VOCs content of 21 types of raw materials containing VOCs as well as the VOCs concentration of the corresponding exhaust gas in each usage procedures, the VOCs content levels of different types of raw materials and the VOCs exhaust gas concentration levels of various pollution-producing processes were determined. The results showed that ink VOCs accounted for 0.05%-76.9%. The proportion of samples that met the standards of GB 38507-2020 Limits of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in Printing Ink were 98.3%, 85.7%, 66.7% and 100.0% for offset printing inks, gravure printing inks, flexographic inks and screen printing inks, respectively, and the VOCs content varied greatly. The mass ratios of VOCs of ountain solution, cleaning agent, adhesive and varnis were 0.4%-45.0%, 3.0%-98.7%, 0.1%-60.0% and 0.1%-50.0%, respectively. The VOCs content of solvent-based samples was significantly higher than water-based and UV samples. From the perspective of the level of VOCs produced in the production process, the VOCs produced in the drying process of the same process were generally higher than the printing, cleaning, and dampening processes. The VOCs content of solvent-based inks, adhesives, and varnishes was 100.0-5000.0 mg/m3, which was significantly higher than other process types (10.0-500.0 mg/m3). The dry composite process had a higher VOCs pollution concentration of 300.0-1000.0 mg/m3, but the VOCs concentration of wet composite, solvent-free composite, and co-extrusion was less than 30.0 mg/m3. This study showed that processes such as offset printing, flexo printing, screen printing, laminating and glazing could achieve lower VOCs product concentration (≤50.0 mg/m3) through source substitution. When solvent-based ink was replaced with water-based ink, the VOCs concentration of the gravure printing was 50.0-500.0 mg/m3. Therefore, effective treatment measures are still needed.