典型石化工业城市土壤重金属源解析及空间分布模拟

土壤重金属来源定量解析和空间预测是土壤污染调查评价的重要内容，可以为区域土壤风险管控及修复提供依据.本研究选取典型石化工业城市——淄博市临淄区作为研究对象，系统开展表层样品采集及重金属分析测试；借助正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）和非负约束的因子分析（FA-NNC）两种受体模型解析土壤重金属的来源；构建基于最小/最大自相关因子（MAF）和序贯高斯模拟（SGS）的多元地统计模拟技术，确定了土壤重金属的潜在污染区域.研究结果表明：① As、Co、Cr和Mn主要为自然来源，主要受成土母质影响，高值区分布在研究区南部；②研究区内10种重金属中Hg污染程度最高，主要受来自于工业排放和煤炭燃烧为主的大气沉降影响，污染区域分布在研究区东北部；③ Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn等元素受自然和人类活动综合影响，高值区主要集中在研究区中部；④ Cd和Hg的潜在污染区域最广，分别为580.80 km²和666.60 km²，约占研究区总面积的85.04%和97.59%，应当引起关注；其余元素的潜在污染区域面积相对较小，不足研究区总面积1%.

Source Apportionment and Spatial Distribution Simulation of Heavy Metals in a Typical Petrochemical Industrial City

Identifying the quantitative source and hazardous areas of heavy metals in soils plays a pivotal role in soil pollution research, and can provide a basis for regional soil risk monitoring and environmental management. For this purpose, a total of 175 samples were collected in topsoils from Linzi, a typical petrochemical industrial city in Shandong Province. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) and factor analysis with non-negative constraints (FA-NNC) receptor models were applied to analyze the sources of the heavy metals. Based on the multivariate statistical simulation methods of min/max autocorrelation factors (MAF) and sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS), the distribution of heavy metal and potential pollution areas were determined. As, Co, Cr, and Mn were mainly affected by natural sources, their concentrations were dominated by the parent materials, and the high-value areas were distributed in the south of the study area. Hg was the most serious pollution element among the 10 heavy metals analyzed in Linzi and originated from atmosphere deposition from industrial emissions and coal combustion, and the highest values were distributed in the northeast of the study area. Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were dominated by natural sources and human activities. The hot-spot areas were mainly concentrated in the middle of the study area. The potentially contaminated areas of Cd and Hg were 580.80 km² and 666.60 km², about 85.04% and 97.59% of the total area, and should require more attention. The potential pollution area of most elements was small and scattered across the study area, accounting for less than 1%.