中国地表水环境质量标准研究

《地表水环境质量标准》是水环境管理的尺度，在推动我国水污染防治、公众健康与水生态安全保障等方面发挥着十分重要的作用.随着我国进入生态文明建设新阶段，水环境保护和社会经济发展形势发生深刻变化，如何与时俱进，及时修订丰富现行标准成为迫在眉睫的问题.全面剖析了我国现行GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》修订历程、修订依据、重要贡献、存在问题及国家需求，结合国际标准发展趋势和我国社会发展阶段，提出未来将《地表水环境质量标准》由单项标准向系列标准转变的修订思路框架.初步阐述了由系列标准构成的“1+N”的标准体系框架，其中，“1”是地表水环境质量基本项目标准，用于判断地表水环境质量的优劣程度，反映水环境功能的基本水质要求；“N”是不同的特定保护项目标准，包括保护水生生物的有毒有害污染物项目水质标准、地表饮用水源地水质标准、湖泊营养物状态评价标准以及地表水水生物状况评价标准，并提出了各分标准的相关制修订方案. 

Research on Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water

Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water are the main basis for water environment management, which play a very important role in promoting the prevention and control of water pollution, public health and water ecological security in China. With the construction of China's ecological civilization in the new era, major changes have taken place in water environment protection. Therefore, the existing standards are difficult to meet the needs of the current management, and the revision of the standards has become extremely urgent. This paper comprehensively analyzes the revision process, basis, important contribution, existing problems and revision requirements for current Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB 3838-2002). Combined with the development trend of international standards and the social and economic stage in China, the revision idea of transforming the Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water from monoidal standards to serial '1+N' standards is preliminarily put forward. Within the standard system framework, '1' is the basic project of the standards, which can be used to judge the degree of surface water environmental quality and reflect the basic water quality requirements of water environmental functions. 'N' refers to the specific protection projects of the standards, including toxic and harmful pollutant standards for the protection of aquatic organisms, water environmental quality standards for drinking water sources, evaluation standards for lake eutrophication, and evaluation standards for aquatic biological indicators. Lastly, the revision schemes of each sub-standard in the serial standards are introduced.