纺织工业产排污特征与水污染治理技术进展

纺织工业在我国国民经济中发挥着重要的作用，但其水污染防治问题也一直是环境治理的重点与难点.随着生态文明建设理念的提升，纺织工业将面临愈加严格的排放标准和环境管理要求.为更清晰地了解纺织工业水污染治理技术的现状和发展趋势，首先对纺织生产过程进行梳理，分析及总结了行业中纺织和染整两个主要加工过程的产排污特点；其次，分别对物化、生物以及深度处理技术进行分析与汇总，提出了基于废水分质处理和再生回用的可行技术体系；最后，结合我国环境管理制度的发展，根据未来纺织工业技术的发展趋势对行业水污染治理的发展方向进行展望.研究显示:完善末端处理技术、提高废水回用率、推行清洁生产是我国未来纺织废水治理的发展方向；同时也亟需推进工业聚集区的设立，确立以排污许可为核心的管理制度，加强对纺织企业废水污染排放的监督. 

Production and Pollution Discharge Characteristics and Progress in the Water Pollution Treatment Technologies of the Textile Industry

The textile industry plays a key role in the national economy of China, and environmental pollution caused by wastewater from textile manufacture has been the focus and major challenge of environmental management. As the ecological environment management becomes more stringent, the textile industry will face more strict requirements for emission standards and environmental policies. First, in order to understand the water pollution control technologies adopted in the textile industry, the main production process is described in detail. The water pollutant emissions from the main manufacture processes, i.e., spinning/weaving and finishing, are characterized. Then, the physical, chemical, biological, and advanced wastewater treatment techniques are discussed. A flow chart of the available techniques for dyeing and finishing wastewater treatment is proposed. Finally, according to the development trend of textile industry, promising techniques and policies of water pollution control are proposed to improve the pipe-end treatment technologies, increase the reclamation of wastewater, and implement cleaner production. Meanwhile, it is urgent to establish textile industrial zones, improve the sound management system focusing on the emission permits, and strengthen the supervision of wastewater discharge.