多功能区工业园土壤和地表灰尘重金属污染及生态风险差异分析

多功能区工业园具有生产和生活的双重功能，园区内有色金属的冶炼和加工可能导致重金属污染从而威胁人体健康.本文选取位于长江经济带下游地区安徽中部某地级市的一个以铜加工和机械制原件为主导产业的工业园区为研究对象，通过采集并测试土壤和灰尘样品，对该园区土壤和灰尘重金属的空间分布和垂直分布特征进行分析，借助生态风险指数来评估可能存在的较高风险区域，利用相关性分析和主成分分析对重金属来源进行识别，将研究结果与不同地块分区的使用功能结合讨论，并从土壤与灰尘重金属在分布和含量上差异来探讨风险管控相关措施.结果表明，在土壤和灰尘的空间分布特征上，园区土壤中Cu、Zn、As、Pb和Cd的含量要明显高于当地土壤背景值，分别达到背景值的2.65、1.76、1.56、2.14和3.87倍.灰尘的重金属含量则明显高于土壤，Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Hg、As、Pb和Cd的含量均超过背景值，分别达到背景值的1.93、1.05、7.57、4.63、6.08、5.39、2.58和5.50倍.水平分布上，土壤重金属含量和综合生态风险较高的区域主要集中在园区西部；垂直分布上，随着土壤深度的增加，重金属含量并没有出现显著地上升或者下降趋势.灰尘的高重金属含量和高生态风险地区则更靠近主要的交通干道.主成分分析结果表明，靠近西边的土壤重金属偏高主要原因，可能来源于早期河水灌溉.而道路交通是导致灰尘重金属含量偏高的主要因素的可能性较大.这一土壤和灰尘重金属在空间分布来源上的差异，将对园区加强风险管控提供可参考的科学建议.包括根据不同区域的使用功能分区管理，来减少重金属对生态环境造成的污染和危害人体健康的可能性.

Heavy Metal Contents of Soil and Surface Dust and Its Ecological Risk Analysis in a Multifunctional Industrial Park

A multifunctional industrial park can perform both producing and living functions. The smelting and processing of non-ferrous metals may lead to soil pollution, posing risks to human beings. In this study, an industrial park located in central Anhui Province, China, with copper (Cu) processing and mechanical components as the main industries, was selected as the study object. By collecting and testing soil and dust samples, the horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil and dust in the park were analyzed. The ecological risk index is used to identify areas with higher risks and correlation and principal component analysis are used to disclose the potential source of heavy metals. Results showed that the contents of Cu, Zn, As, Pb, and Cd in the soil were 2.65, 1.76, 1.56, 2.14, and 3.87 times that of the background value, respectively. The heavy metal content of dust was significantly higher than that of soil, with contents of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, As, Pb, and Cd of 1.93, 1.05, 7.57, 4.63, 6.08, 5.39, 2.58, and 5.50 times that of the background value, respectively. Horizontally, the areas with higher ecological risks concentrated in the western part of the park, while vertically there was no significant trend with increases in soil depth. For the dust samples, areas with high ecological risks were closer to the main traffic arteries. Principal component analysis indicated that the main source of heavy metal in western soils was probably irrigation with contaminated river water. Road traffic, on the other hand, is more likely to be the main contributor to high dust heavy metal levels. This result is important for the park to control the potential health risks caused by heavy metals through zoning management according to the functions of different areas.