市政污泥堆肥对矿山废弃地生态恢复影响的研究进展

市政污泥作为城市污水处理过程中的副产物，含有大量的有机质和丰富的氮、磷、钾等营养物质，经堆肥处理后可用作矿山废弃地生态恢复的土壤改良基质.已有实验室模拟和场地规模研究结果表明，污泥堆肥的施用可同步实现矿山废弃地土壤基本理化性质改善、土壤微生物数量和代谢活性提高、植被的快速生长和生态功能的快速重建.污泥堆肥所含的氮、磷、有机质和重金属，在降雨渗流、微生物和植物根系的共同作用下淋溶进入水体或被植物富集，已有淋滤柱试验和短期植物种植研究结果表明，矿山有短期的二次污染风险，但风险可控.国外污泥/污泥堆肥用于矿山生态修复的案例证明，市政污泥经稳定化处理可促进矿山生态恢复，形成有效碳汇，而长期生态影响未来需要开展不同地域的场地跟踪监测并进行系统定量评估，从而进一步探讨该技术路线的可行性和安全性，同步实现市政污泥处理处置和矿山废弃地生态修复的双重目标，这也将成为未来评估市政污泥堆肥用于矿山生态恢复可行性的重要研究方向. 

Research Advances on Effect of Municipal Sewage Sludge Compost Applied for Abandoned Mine Ecological Remediation

Municipal sewage sludge, as a by-product of municipal sewage treatment, is rich in organic matters and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. After stabilization by composting, sewage sludge is a potential and promising material that can be used as soil amendments for ecological remediation of abandoned mines. Current laboratory-scale simulated studies and field-scale investigations have shown that the application of sewage sludge compost can simultaneouly improve soil physicochemical properties, increase microbial abundance and metabolic activity, accelerate plant growth, and rebuild the ecological fuction of abandoned mines. N, P, organic matters and heavy metals, which are maintained in the sewage sludge compost, will be leached into the water bodies or bioaccumulated by the plants due to the combined action of precipitation, microorganisms and plant roots, and may cause secondary pollution. The results of short-term column leaching experiments and plant growth study indicated that the application of the sludge compost could cause secondary pollution in abandoned mines, but the negative effect was limited and could be controlled. The cases of sludge/sludge compost application for abandoned mine restoration verified the promoting effect of sludge after stabilization on the ecological restoration of mines and formation of effective carbon sequestration pool. Neverthless, quantitative and long-term field research in different regions is still needed to further explore the feasibility and security of this technique, and to implement municipal sewage sludge treatment together with abandoned mine remediation.