不同水生植物去除水体氮磷的效果

为研究水生植物对污染河流的脱氮除磷效果,实验采用人工配置污水,对大薸、凤眼莲、慈菇、菖蒲、香蒲和水葱这6种水生植物去除氮磷的效果进行了实验研究。结果表明,所选植物都能较好地吸收水中的营养物质,对氨氮(NH4-N)和硝态氮(NO3-N)的去除率分别为93.71%～97.32%和76.69%～92.47%,对总磷(TP)的去除率为76.69%～92.47%,其中菖蒲对NH4-N的去除效果最好,慈菇对NO3-N的去除率最高,香蒲对TP的去除率最高。6种水生植物的氮、磷吸收贡献率分别占水质氮、磷去除率的11.71%～54.57%和17.61%～64.56%。不同种类水生植物对不同污染物的去除能力存在较大差异,因此,在实际应用时可针对污染物的种类来选择水生植物,也可考虑对水生植物之间进行搭配组合用以修复污染水体。

Efficiency of removing nitrogen and phosphorus from simulated wastewater using hydrophytes

The removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from aqueous solutions of a synthetic medium was examined using various aquatic plants, such as Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, Acorus calamus, Typha latifolia, Sagittaria sagittifolia and Scirpus tabernaemontani. It was found that all the hydrophytes studied in the test were capable of absorbing the nutrients substance effectively, the removal efficiencies of hydrophytes systems for NH₄-N, NO₃-N and TP were 93.71%~97.32%, 376.69%~92.47% and 76.69%~92.47%, respectively. Among the aquatic plants, Acorus calamus gave the highest NH₄-N removal efficiency, Sagittaria sagittifolia gave the highest NO₃-N removal efficiency and Typha latifolia gave the highest TP removal efficiency from the simulated solutions. The uptake of N and P and their accumulation in macrophytes accounted for 11.71%~54.57% and 7.61%~64.56% of the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency. For the different plant species, there are differences in the removal ability to nutrients. Therefore, we should select the suitable single hydrophyte or plant species combination to different pollutants for repairing the contaminated water.