新疆绿洲的沙漠化灾害及减灾措施

风沙灾害频发的季节是每年3～6月份。流动沙漠与绿洲直接毗邻的格局增加了下风方向绿洲风沙危害的态势。风沙灾害严重区有莫索湾绿洲,精河,艾比湖地区绿洲,喀什地区绿洲,和田地区绿洲,塔里木河下游绿洲。 新疆绿洲风沙灾害的发展趋势:绿洲外围及河流下游沙漠化土地在继续发展,风沙、尘埃天气显著增加;灌溉绿洲腹地特别是连片的大型绿洲风沙灾害显著减轻,6级以下起沙风基本上不造成风沙灾害;对于突发性,风速达8～9级以上的黑风尘暴,灾害仍不可避免。 采取的减灾措施:针对新疆许多河流下游断流,荒漠生态环境严重退化,沙漠化土地日益扩展蔓延的严峻局面,新疆已经着手进行主要河流的流域规划。塔里木河应急输水工程业已进入实施阶段;减轻对荒漠植被的压力,达到保护绿洲外荒漠植被的目的;加强大型防护林和农田防护林的建设;建立绿洲防止土地沙漠化、减轻风沙灾害的示范区和样板。新疆绿洲风沙灾害的根治仍然是任重道远。

DESERTIFICATION DISASTERS AND ITS CONTROL COUNTERMEASURES IN THE OASES OF XINJIANG, CHINA

Between March and June the wind and sand disasters occur frequently. The pattern of drift desert closing to oases increased the wind and sand endangerment to the oases in the leeward direction, the wind and sand disasters occurred seriously in oases: Mosuowan Oasis , Jinghe and Aibi Lake Regions , Oases of Kashgar Region , Oases of Hetian Region, and oases distributed in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Developing trend of wind and sand disasters in the oases of Xinjiang. The desertification land is continuously expanding in the periphery of oases and in the lower reaches of rivers; Wind and sand disasters seldom occurred in the hinterland of irrigation oasis, especially in the large-scale oasis. Wind below force 6 usually doesn't cause the wind and sand disasters. Most oases have possessed of a certain ability to prevent from the outburst gale and dust storm above, force 8 -9, but endangerment is still existing. The desert vegetation in the periphery of oases is reducing and desertification land is still expanding. Main factors inducing wind and sand disasters and the control measures: In Xinjiang many rivers have been cut off the water supply in their lower reaches, desert e-cological environment has degraded seriously and the desetification land has expanded increasingly. To counter this tendency, Xinjiang has started the planning works on major river valleys. Now the emergency water-infusion project has been carried out in Tarim River. Through exploiting the rich oil and natural gas resources in desert area-and constructing the wind power station in pastoral area to lighten the artificial pressure on desert vegetations, and achieve the goal of protecting the desert vegetation in the periphery of oases. Strengthen the construction of large-scale shelter forest and farmland shelter-forest. Typical examples of setting up oases to prevent land desertification and lighten wind and sand disasters. It is a heavy responsibility to eliminate wind and sand disasters in the oases of Xinjiang.