中国森林火灾与对策

本文剖析了我国森林火灾与损失概况和我国森林火灾分布及其特点。根据森林燃烧环理论,提出了符合我国国情的综合森林防火对策,即从森林生态系统角度出发,以林火性状为依据,进行火险区划,以工程防火为中心,群众防火为主,营林、生物防火为基础,有条件地用火防火的对策,有效地控制森林火灾,使火灾发生控制在允许范围内,其损失限制在一定经济水平以下,充分发挥火生态的效益,维护生态平衡,保证林区社会安定和林区经济的不断繁荣与发展。

FOREST FIRE AND CONTROL STRATEGY IN CHINA

Forest fire, different from earthquake, landslide, typhoon and other natural disasters, is caused by both natural aspects and human activities. Fire is still the most serious forest disaster in China's forests. In the last 40 years, it is averaged 15,800 fires occurred and burned over 35 million hm2 forest land each year. This paper analyzes the forest fire distribution in China, its characteristics and fire losses. Based on the theory of forest burn ring, the authors suggest the general fire control strategy, that is: by considering different ecosystems and fire regimes, to do the fire danger rating planning, control forest fire by means of engineering, mass movement, silviculture and biological engineering and controlled burning in some area suitable. If the strategy successfully applied, we can control forest fire in the reasonable low level and keep the fire loss down in the minimum scales and get ecological, social and economic benefit from it.