城市化与现代社会中的水害演变：从日本经历看今日深圳

我国沿海经济开发区正进入城市化的活跃发展时期。发达国家的经历表明,城市化必将导致水灾害模式的变化,引出城市水灾损失持续上升的严重问题。日本从60年代中期开始研究城市型水灾害问题,随后其治水事业从方针、政策到对策均作了重大的调整,为社会经济的持续稳定发展创造了良好的条件。深圳市1993年两次暴雨洪涝成灾,损失惨重,其水情灾情均受到了该区域城市化的显著影响,说明我国城市型水灾害的研究亟待加强。本文从治水的角度将日本的城市化现象及其引起的水灾害特征变化与深圳市的实际情况进行了比较并得出若干有益的结论。

URBANIZATION AND CHANGES OF FLOOD DISASTER IN MODERN SOCIETY

The experience of developed countries indicated that urbanization will cause some changes of flood disaster which lead to a steady increase in flood damage. Japan started its research on flood disaster in urbanization area from the middle of 1960s. Since then, Japan has made great adjustments from policies to countermeasures of flood control, which creates a good condition for the development of its society and economics continuously. Shenzhen City experienced severe floods twice in 1993. The features of flooding and damage were influenced by its urbanization markedly. In this paper, a comparison research between Japan and Shenzhen on changes of flood disaster by urbanization has been made, which reaches some usefull conclusions.