辽河入海口及城市段柱状沉积物金属元素含量及分布特征

通过对辽河入海口地区(LN-2)和沈阳地区(LN-5)柱状沉积物粒度组成、TOC、TN、C/N比值和金属元素的分析,结合沉积物~(210)Pb的年代测定,探讨了有机质和金属元素的垂直变化特征及其影响因素,对沉积物有机质来源进行了初步分析,并采用地质累积指数法(I_(geo))和富集因子法(EFs)对沉积物中金属进行污染评价.研究表明,LN-2和LN-5均以粉砂为主,LN-2粒度组成和有机质含量垂向分布变化不大,LN-5则呈波动变化.通过C/N比值对沉积物有机质来源进行分析,结果显示LN-2中C/N比值范围在5.24~7.93之间,具有机质来源以河流自身为主,LN-5中C/N比值范围在9.94~14.21之间,以陆源输入为主.Al、Ca、Fe、Mn、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb和Cr在两个柱状沉积物垂向上变化规律有所不同,LN-2沉积物中Ni和Zn元素以及LN-5沉积物中Pb和Zn元素受自然作用和人为因素共同影响,其他元素均与有机质分布规律相似,表明这些元素主要受自然作用和有机质影响.研究地区金属元素污染评价结果显示,Ni、Zn和Pb的污染程度较其他元素严重.结合辽宁省和研究地区近20年的经济发展情况,探讨了人类活动对环境的影响.

Concentrations and Distribution of Metals in the Core Sediments from Estuary and City Section of Liaohe River

The particle size, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio and metal concentrations as well as activities of ²¹⁰ Pb were determined in Liaohe River estuary area (LN-2) and Shenyang area (LN-5), and the organic matter resources were discussed in two core sediments. Also the index of geoaccumulation (I_geo) and enrichment factors (EFs) methods were applied to evaluate the state of heavy metal contamination in the studied sties. The study showed that both sediment cores LN-2 and LN-5 were dominated by silts, and the vertical variations of grain-size composition and organic matter were well distributed in LN-2 while fluctuated in LN-5. According to the organic matter source analysis through C/N ratio, C/N ratio varied in the scale of 5.24-7.93 in LN-2 which was dominated by river source, and 9.94-14.21 in LN-5 which was dominated by terrestrial input. Al, Ca, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Cr in two sediment cores had different vertical changing rules, Ni and Zn in LN-2 as well as Pb and Zn in LN-5 were affected by both natural and human factors, other elements had similar distributions to those of organic matters, which showed that these elements were mainly affected by the natural activities. Based on Igeo and EFs, both sediment cores were more severely polluted with Ni, Zn and Pb than other metals. The effects of human activities on the environment were also discussed in this study, combined with the economical development of Liaoning Province and the studied sites in the past 20 years.