黄土高原纸坊沟流域不同植物叶片及枯落物的生态化学计量学特征研究

以黄土高原纸坊沟流域3种不同植物类型(乔、灌、草)下优势物种的叶片及其枯落物为研究对象,通过对其碳、氮、磷、钾含量及生态化学计量学特征的研究,探讨退化生态系统植物内稳性、NP限制率以及营养元素的回流关系,以期为黄土高原植被恢复与重建以及不同物种的合理配置提供合理建议,为完善生态化学计量学理论提供支撑.结果表明,不同植物类型叶片碳氮磷含量变化较小,钾含量变化较大,表现为草本植物叶片钾含量显著高于乔木与灌木;叶片在凋落前将大量的养分转移至其它器官,防止养分的流失,使得枯落物碳氮磷钾含量均小于叶片.碳、氮、磷、钾的回流率分别为6.16%~22.84%、24.38%~65.18%、22.38%~77.16%、60.99%~89.35%,其中碳、磷、钾的回流率以草本最大,磷的回流率以灌木最大.乔木与灌木叶片与枯落物N∶P、N∶K、C∶N比差异不显著,草本植物差异显著.植物叶片N∶P比变化范围为12.14~19.17,叶片枯落物N∶P比变化范围为12.84~30.67.通常将N∶P比为16作为评价植物生长受氮或者磷限制的临界值,不同植物类型叶片N∶P比表现为灌木(19.17)乔木(15)草本(12.14),说明该区灌木主要受磷含量的限制,草本植物主要受氮含量限制,乔木主要受氮磷含量共同限制.叶片钾含量与N∶P呈极显著的负相关,枯落物钾含量与C∶P比呈极显著的负相关.综合研究表明,该区3种植物类型碳氮磷含量无差异,钾含量差异显著,叶片碳氮磷钾回流率较大,不同植物类型受氮与磷限制作用不一致植物在生长演替阶段对氮磷等元素的累积与回归表现出一定的特异性.

Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics in Leaf and Litter Under Different Vegetation Types of Zhifanggou Watershed on the Loess Plateau, China

The purpose was to characterize the effects of vegetation types on plant leaf and litter carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and C:N:P:K ecological stoichiometric characteristics in seven dominant plant species, including Robinia pseudoacacia, Syringa, Sophora viciifolia, Hippophae rhamnoides, Rosa xanthina, Artemisia sacrorum, Artemisia giraldii, of Zhifanggou Watershed on the Loess Plateau, China. This paper indicated the differences between the contents of C, N, P and K and the characteristics of ecological stoichiometric in the different vegetation types, including forest type, shrub type and grass type. Concentrations of C, N, P and K were measured, and C:N:P:K was estimated for different vegetation types. There were no significant differences in leaf C, N and P concentrations among the three vegetation types. But significant differences in leaf K concentration existed, and the K concentration in leaf was the highest in grass type, and the lowest in shrub type. The contents of C, N, P and K in leaf were much higher than those in litter, especially in shrub and grass types. The resorption efficiencies of C, N, P and K were different, and their ranges varied 6.16%-22.84%, 24.38%-65.18%, 22.38%-77.16% and 60.99%-89.35%, respectively. Grass type had the highest C, P and K resorption efficiencies, and the lowest N resorption efficiency. Values of the N:P ratio in leaf varied in the range of 12.14-19.17, and varied in the range of 12.84-30.67 in litter. Values of the N:P ratio in leaf were the highest in shrub type (19.17), and the lowest in grass (12.14), indicating that the growth of shrub plants was limited by P, while the growth of grass plants was limited by N. The K concentration in leaf was significantly negatively correlated with values of the N:P ratio in leaf, and the K concentration in litter was significantly negatively correlated with values of the C:P ratio in leaf. Findings in this study highlighted the characteristics of accumulation and and return of leaf and litters nutrients during the different vegetation succession on the Loess Plateau.