不同有机物料中的磷形态特征研究

采用DOU的磷形态分级方法,研究了猪粪沼渣(ZZ)、牛粪沼渣(NZ)、牛粪秸秆堆肥(NJD)、污泥堆肥(WD)、农村生活垃圾堆肥(NSLD)等7种有机物料中的磷形态及其比例.结果表明,有机物料中全磷及各形态总磷存在较大差异,以猪粪沼渣全磷含量最高,为23.59 g·kg-1,以牛粪沼渣全磷含量最低,仅3.61 g·kg-1.猪粪沼渣、牛粪沼渣、牛粪秸秆堆肥、污泥堆肥中各形态总磷(Pt)大小顺序为HCl-P残留态-PNa HCO3-PNa OH-PH2O-P,而3种农村生活垃圾堆肥中各形态磷含量则为HCl-P残留态-PH2O-PNa HCO3-PNa OH-P.7种有机物料中HCl提取态磷占回收全磷(Ptt)比例达47.75%~84.96%,表明有机物料中的大部分磷更容易被如HCl等强浸提剂提取,而这部分磷不易被植物吸收利用.各有机物料中磷以无机态磷为主,无机磷占全磷比例在53.18%~87.33%之间.各形态中的无机磷以Na HCO3-Pi占形态总磷比例最高(79.72%~94.76%),且在回收全磷中主要分布于HCl提取态,各形态中的有机磷则主要分布于HCl-P和残留态-P.经堆腐后的牛粪秸秆堆肥各形态无机磷占全磷比例较牛粪沼渣均有所增加,表明好氧堆肥有助于有机物料中磷的矿化,提高有机物料中磷的有效性.

Characterization of Phosphorus Forms in Different Organic Materials

The existing forms of phosphorus in seven organic waste materials including biogas residues of swine manure(ZZ),biogas residues of cattle manure(NZ), compost of cattle manure and corn straw(NJD), compost of sewage sludge(WD) and compost of rural daily garbage(NSLD) were characterized according to phosphorus fractionation procedures developed by DOU et al. The result showed that there was a great difference in the total phosphorus (TP) and the total phosphorus of various forms (P_t) among different organic materials. ZZ had the highest content of TP with the value of 23.59 g·kg^-1; while NZ had the lowest TP content with the value of 3.61 g·kg^-1. The contents and proportions of phosphorus fractions in ZZ, NZ, NJD and WD followed the order of HCl-P>Residues-P>NaHCO₃-P>NaOH-P>H₂O-P, while followed the order of HCl-P>Residues-P>H₂O-P>NaHCO₃-P>NaOH-P in the three NSLDs. The proportion of HCl-P in the total fractionated phosphorus (P_tt) in seven organic materials ranged from 47.75% to 84.96%, which indicated that most of P in organic materials existed in the forms that were easier to be extracted by strong extracting agents like HCl, which was difficult to be absorbed by plants. The inorganic phosphorus accounted for 79.72%-94.76% of the total phosphorus in the organic materials. Of all the phosphorus forms, the NaHCO₃-P had the highest inorganic phosphorus fractions, but the inorganic phosphorus was mainly distributed in HCl-P. The organic phosphorus was mainly distributed in HCl-P and Residues-P. In addition, the higher proportions of inorganic phosphorus in NJD than those of NZ demonstrated that the composting process was benefit for the mineralization of organic phosphorus in organic materials and thus improving its availability.